1. Plants
Chapter 8

2. What are Plants? 1. Plants are: Multicellular Eukaryotes Cell walls
(made of cellulose)
Mostly autotrophs

3. What are Plants? 2. In order to survive on land: Sunlight
Water and Minerals
Gas Exchange
Movement of water and
Nurtients

4. What are Plants?
3. The first plants evolved from an organism much like the mutlicellular green algae living today.

5. What are Plants?
4. Botanists divide the plant kingdom into four groups based on:
Water-conducting tissue
(Vascular Tissue)
Seeds
Flowers

6. BotanY
The study of plants.

7. What are Plants?
Vascular Tissue: System of tube-like structures inside a plant which water, minerals and food move.

8. Plant Kingdom - Plantae
Using Figure 22-7, answer the following questions.
Largest Group: Flowering Plants
Smallest Group: Cone-bearing plants
Mosses and relatives : 15, 600 species

9. Plant Groups

10. Bryophytes Vascular Tissue: No vascular tissue
Where: Moist, shaded areas (polar to tropics)
Reproduction: Sexual reproduction - water required
Examples: Mosses, liverworts and hornworts

12. Seedless Vascular Plants
Vascular Tissue: Have vascular tissue
Where: Moist woodlands and forest floors
Reproduction: Sexual reproduction
Examples: Club mosses, horsetails and ferns

14. Gymnosperm – Cone Bearers Gymnosperm = “naked seed”
Vascular Tissue: Have vascular tissue
Where: Tropics and subtropics, mountains, sandy soil and temperate rain forests
Reproduction: Sexual reproduction
Examples: Gnetophytes, cycads, ginkgoes and conifers
Gymnosperm = “naked seed”

16. Angiosperm – Flowering Plants
Vascular Tissue: Have vascular tissue
Where: Almost anywhere
Reproduction: Sexual reproduction – With Flowers
Examples: Zinnias, apple trees, corn wheat, lilies and roses

18. Parts of a Plant

19. Parts of a Plant
Taller plants have a transport system called vascular tissue that allowed them to quickly transport water and nutrients.
Vascular tissue: System of tubelike structures inside a plant which water, minerals and food move.

20. Parts of a Plant Two forms of vascular tissue: Xylem: Transport Water
Phloem: Transport Food

21. Parts of a Plant
3. Plants without vascular tissue don’t grow as tall because the vascular tissue adds stability.
No vascular tissue = less stable

22. 4.Parts of a Flower

23. Part of a Plant Function
Stems
Support system, transport system and defense system for a plant
Roots
Anchors the plant to the ground and absorbs water and nutrient
Leaves
Main photosynthetic system
- Broad, flat leaves increase surface area for absorbing sun
Flowers
Reproductive organs

25. Fern Part of Fern Description Rhizome Underground stems Frond
Large leaves
Sori
Clusters of sporangia (where spores are kept)
Roots
Underground system to collect water and nutrients

27. Seeded Plants Gymnosperms: bear seeds directly on the surface of cones
7. Seeded plants are divided into two groups:
Gymnosperms: bear seeds directly on the surface of cones
Example: cycads and conifers
Angiosperm: bear their seeds within a layer of protective tissue
Example: Lilies and apple trees

28. Alteration of Generations
8. Process in which many algae switch back and forth between haploid and diploid stages of their life cycle.

30. Seeded Plants
9. Unlike mosses and ferns (seedless plants), seeded plants do not require water. (for fertilization)

31. Seeded Plants
10. Seed-bearing structures on:
Gymnosperm: Cones
Angiosperm: Flowers

32. Seeded Plants
11. Pollen grain: In seed plants, the entire male gametophyte is contained in this structure.
12. Pollination occurs by wind, insects or small animals carrying the pollen.

33. Insect Pollination

34. Seeded Plants
13. Seed coats are important because they surround or protect the seeds from drying out.

35. Seeded Plants 14. Male cones in gymnosperms are called pollen cones.
15.Female cones of a gymnosperm are called seed cones.
16. We typically think of the seed cones (female).

36. Female
Male

37. Seeded Plants
17. The most common gymnosperm is the conifer.

38. Flowering Plants: Angiosperms

39. Flowering Plants
18. Flowering plants have the advantage of using flowers to attract pollinators:
Animals (Bees, moths, and hummingbirds)
19. Angiosperm means “ enclosed seed”.

40. 20. The fruit of an angiosperm is a wall of tissue surrounding the seed.
Evolutionary adaptation: Animals eat the fruit, but “pass” the seeds right out. So….easy dispersal!
Flowering Plants

41. Flowering Plant 21. There are two groups of angiosperms:
Monocotyledonae also known as Monocots
Dicotyledonae also known as Dicots

42. Monocots and Dicots

43. Monocot or Dicot?
Monocot = 6 leaves

44. Monocot = Parallel Veins
Monocot or Dicot?
Monocot = Parallel Veins

45. Monocot or Dicot?
Dicot = Branched Veins

46. Monocot or Dicot?
Dicot = Two Cotyledons

47. Monocot or Dicot?
Monocot = Fibrous Root