1. Corresponding author: joseangel.amoros@uclm.es
INFLUENCE OF pH IN THE UPTAKE AND ACCUMULATION OF MINERAL ELEMENTS ON VINE LEAF (Vitis vinífera L.) FROM CASTILLA-LA MANCHA (SPAIN).
S. Bravo(1,2);J.A. Amorós (1,2); C. Pérez-de-los-Reyes(1,2); F.J. García(1,2); P.L. Higueras(1,2); M. Sánchez-Ormeño(1)
(1)Escuela Ingenieros Agrónomos. Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha. Rdª. Calatrava, Ciudad Real. Spain.
(2)Instituto Geoquímica Aplicada. IGEA. Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha Almadén. Spain.
Corresponding author:
INTRODUCTION
MATERIAL AND METHODS
RESULTS
BAC values for each element in acidic or alkaline soils have been reported in Table 1.
Calcium and strontium have shown similar behavior in alkaline soils. Meanwhile, in acidic soils, uptake of calcium is of higher intensity, since it is an essential nutrient for the vine (graphic 2).
Graphic 3 shows how potassium and barium have shown similar pattern of bioaccumulation (maybe because of their similar ionic radius), although potassium, as essential element, has a higher bioaccumulation value.
Iron and aluminum have similar BAC influenced by the pH, because in acidic soils both elements are in the same ionic state (Fe3+ and Al3+) that can be uptaken by plants (graphic 4).
The micronutrients zinc and manganese (both with similar ionic potential) have the same bioaccumulation pattern both in acidic and alkaline soils (graphic 5).
Each soil-plant system has specific behaviour on the uptake of different mineral elements from the soil, depending on several factors. The most important factor in this process would be the pH (Amorós, et al., 2011) .
The aim of this paper is establish if the soil pH influences the accumulation of several mineral elements in the plant.
95 soil and leaf samples were taken in major wine-growing region of the world: Castilla-La Mancha (Spain).
The soil samples were ground and passed through a sieve of 0.02 mm and were analysed according to SCS-USDA guidelines.
27 mineral elements were measured, both in soil and leaves, by X-ray fluorescence.
Bioaccumulation Coefficient (BAC) was calculated as the ratio between plant-soil concentration for each element (Kabata-Pendias, 2001) (Table 1).
The ionic potential was represented as the relationship between ionic radius and ionic charge (Rollingson, 1993) (Graphic 1).
Table 1: BAC values obtained as a function of pH
BAC
Acid Soils
Alkaline Soil Na
0.01
0.06 La
0.22
0.17 Cu
1.91
2.29 K
0.36
0.58 Ce
0.20
0.16 Zn
1.00
0.54 Rb
0.04
0.07 Th
0.08
0.14 Nb
0.42 Cs
1.10
1.18 Nd
0.26
0.25 Al
0.02 Ca
4.67
0.99 Mn
0.50 Si
0.03 Mg
0.85
0.47 Fe P
2.61 Sr
1.01
0.67 V
0.11 S
8.77
0.66 Ba Cr
0.13
0.15 Ga Y
0,15
0.19 Co
0.30
0.34 Pb
0.21
Graphic 2: Behavior of calcium and strontium depending on pH
CONCLUSIONS
Graphic 1: Ionic radius versus ionic charge
We conclude that the uptake of certain mineral elements measured in grapevine leaves of vine has been influenced by the soil pH.
The pH strongly affects the uptake of mineral elements having two or more oxidation states in the soil (i.e. iron). In other studied cases, the uptake is mainly determined by the ionic potential.
Graphic 3: Behavior of potassium and barium depending on pH
REFERENCES ¬ ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Amorós, J.A., Pérez-de-los-Reyes, C., García, F.J., Bravo, S., Chacón, J.L., Martínez, J., Ballesta, R. Nutritional S(2013): Bioaccumulation of mineral elements in grapevine varieties cultivated in “La Mancha”. Journal Plant Nutrition Soil Science, 178,
Kabata – Pendias, A. (2003): Trace elements in soils and plants. 3ª ed. Ed. CRC Press. Boca Ratón, USA.
Rollingson, H.G. (1993): Using geochemical data: evaluation, presentation, interpretation. Ed. Taylor & Francis. New York. USA.
This work has been funded by the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (project CTM ).
Graphic 4: Behavior of zinc and manganese depending on pH
Graphic 5: Behavior of iron and aluminum depending on pH