1. Real-time Online Two-way Braille-to-Print Mathematical Communication
Sam Dooley, Pearson Susan Osterhaus, TSBVI Dan Brown, Pearson Edgar Lozano, Pearson Su Park, Pearson

2. Braille math is hard! Blind students need:
A level playing field for STEM instruction
To read and write online braille math
To interact with sighted instructors and peers
To participate in online activities

3. Braille math should be math!
Math concepts are independent of notation
Braille math codes capture all math notation
Math software can be independent of notation
Blind students only have full access if their
math is treated the same as printed math.

4. Normalizing Braille Math
Online equation editor software component
Real-time, two-way braille math translation
Accessible to both sighted and blind users
Content MathML
Nemeth Braille

5. Braille Math Demo Blind user can create math for a sighted user
Sighted user can create math for a blind user
Instantaneous interactions with math content

6. Content MathML Presentation encodes signs/symbols
Content encodes functional structure
Content markup is harder to create
Content markup is easier to process

7. Equation Editor WYSIWYG entry for math expressions
Keyboard input into Content MathML
Content MathML to Presentation MathML
Display MathML in a browser (MathJax)

8. Math into Braille Starting from content (functional) markup
Braille becomes just another output format
Display as print and braille simultaneously
From the exact same content markup

9. Braille into Math Input to create content (functional) markup
Braille becomes just another key event
Input from QWERTY or braille interchangeably
To create the exact same content markup

10. Braille math is math! Blind students can read the same math
Blind students can create the same math
The math can be shared the same way
The math can be scored the same way
Blind students now have full access since
their math is the same as printed math.

11. User Interface Issues Incomplete expressions Input position indicator
Keyboard navigation
Expression selection
Cut/copy/paste/delete

12. Further work Combining text and math content
Additional math symbols (limit, diff, int)
Braille math usability
Braille math discoverability
Spatial arrangements
Tactile graphics

13. Applications Electronic textbooks Classroom lecture notes
Homework submission
Grading (online/offline)
Online high-stakes assessment
Real-time classroom translation
Nemeth Braille curriculum

14. Braille Hints Demo Math palettes and buttons
Button descriptions as text labels
Button descriptions with braille dots
Users can be reminded of the braille
Users can learn the braille by using the tool

15. Can I use it? http://accessibility.pearson.com/mathex-app/
Web-based accessible equation editor
Stand-alone desktop version (in progress)
Chrome, Firefox, NVDA (for now)
Try it online, give us feedback

16. To Be Continued …
A Comparison of Nemeth Braille and UEB Math for Online Math Software Sam Dooley, Susan Osterhaus, Corey Fauble