1. Chapter 13 Notes

2. Charles Darwin’s Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection
5 year voyage on the HMS _________
Naturalist who collected specimens and studied varieties of plants and animals
Theorized that the fittest (best adapted to that environment) would survive and pass on their genes

3. Evolution Biological _____________over time (due to mutations)
Some mutations are ________, some bad
Observable (how we know it happened) through extensive ___________record
Natural selection is nature’s way of picking the most ____________traits of a _________ or species and allowing individuals to pass these genes on

4. Natural selection takes a _________time but eventually produces a population better suited to the environment
Darwin noted that around the world, similar species of animals had a few small _________________that made them better adapted to their individual environment

5. He theorized that these similar animals came from one common __________________and evolved to better suit the individual environment
Ex: Penicillin when introduced in WWII, killed all bacteria. Gradually some bacteria ____________and were not killed. They reproduced and produced a population of bacteria that are totally ______________to penicillin

6. Adaptations and Natural Selection
_____________—adaptation of copying the appearance of another species for protection
Ex: king snake and coral snake

7. Camouflage—adaptation that allows organism to blend into its _________________Ex: flounder on ocean floor,
walking stick insects
Both adaptations allow organism to escape predators and survive to ________________

8. Artificial selection
____________chooses certain traits and breeds for them
Takes a very _____________time to achieve results
Ex: cat born with no tail—these accidental offspring were bred to produce a new breed of cat

9. Evidence for evolution
_________________structures—similar structures in different organisms suggest a common ancestor
_____________structures—different structures with similar functions—suggest evolutionary relationship is not close

10. Evidence for evolution (cont)
_____________structures—body structures no longer used Ex. Appendix, wings in flightless birds
________________development—suggests common ancestor—many embryos are very similar in early development
Genetic comparisons—using _______________sequences to compare relationships—the more the genetic code is similar, the closer the relationship.