1. Lesson Objectives: Section 3 - The War in the Pacific
Standard Addressed: Students analyze America’s participation in World War II.
CH 17-SEC 3
Lesson Objectives: Section 3 - The War in the Pacific
1. Identify key turning points in the war in the Pacific.
2. Describe the Allied offensive against the Japanese.
3. Explain both the development of the atomic bomb and debates about its use.
4. Describe the challenges faced by the Allies in building a just and lasting peace.

2. CARES
Commitment
Attitude
Respect
Encouragement
Safety
A BULLDOG ALWAYS

3. QUIZ!
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ID NUMBER!
First & Last Name
CH-2-1

4. THE UNITED STATES IN WORLD WAR II
In order to defeat Japan and end the war in the Pacific, the United States unleashes a terrible new weapon, the atomic bomb.

5. SECTION 3: THE WAR IN THE PACIFIC
The Americans did not celebrate long, as Japan was busy conquering an empire that dwarfed Hitler’s Third Reich
Japan had conquered much of southeast Asia including the Dutch East Indies, Guam, and most of China

6. The War in the Pacific The Allies Stem the Japanese Tide3
SECTION
The War in the Pacific
The Allies Stem the Japanese Tide
Japanese Advances
In first 6 months after Pearl Harbor, Japan conquers empire
Gen. Douglas MacArthur leads Allied forces in Philippines
March 1942 U.S., Filipino troops trapped on Bataan Peninsula
FDR orders MacArthur to leave; thousands of troops remain
Continued . . .
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7. The Bataan Death March which began on April 9, 1942, was the forcible transfer by the Imperial Japanese Army of 60,000–80,000 Filipino and American prisoners of war after the three-month Battle of Bataan in the Philippines during World War II.
All told, approximately 2,500–10,000 Filipino and 100–650 American prisoners of war died before they could reach their destination at Camp O'Donnel

9. GUIDED READING: The War in the Pacific (Douglas) MacArthur;
Date and Place
Leaders Involved
What happened?
Bataan;
(Douglas)
MacArthur;
the Allies held out for four months against invading Japanese forces before abandoning the peninsula.

10. The War in the Pacific The Allies Stem the Japanese Tide3
SECTION
The War in the Pacific
The Allies Stem the Japanese Tide
Doolittle’s Raid
April 1942, Lt. Col. James Doolittle leads raid on Tokyo
Continued . . .
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14. 3
SECTION
continued The Allies Stem the Japanese Tide
Battle of the Coral Sea
May 1942, U.S., Australian soldiers stop Japanese drive to Australia
For first time since Pearl Harbor, Japanese invasion turned back
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15. BATTLE OF THE CORAL SEA
The main Allied forces in the Pacific were Americans and Australians
In May 1942 they succeeded in stopping the Japanese drive toward Australia in the five-day Battle of the Coral Sea

21. 3
SECTION
continued The Allies Stem the Japanese Tide
The Battle of Midway
Admiral Chester Nimitz commands U.S. naval forces in Pacific
Allies break Japanese code, win Battle of Midway, stop Japan again
Allies advance island by island to Japan
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22. THE BATTLE OF MIDWAY
Japan’s next thrust was toward Midway Island – a strategic Island northwest of Hawaii
Admiral Chester Nimitz, the Commander of American Naval forces in the Pacific, moved to defend the Island
The Americans won a decisive victory as their planes destroyed 4 Japanese aircraft carriers and 250 planes

23. The Battle of Midway was a turning point in the war – soon the Allies were island hopping toward Japan

24. Chapter 17 Section 3 MAIN IDEA QUESTIONS
A – In what ways were the American victory at Midway and the Japanese triumph at Pearl Harbor alike?
Both were surprise naval attacks that resulted in substantial destruction of the Japanese fleet.

25. GUIDED READING: The War in the Pacific (Chester W.) Nimitz;
Date and Place
Leaders Involved
What happened?
Midway;
(Chester W.) Nimitz;
Americans turned back a Japanese invasion force headed for Hawaii.

26. The Allies Go on the Offensive3
SECTION
The Allies Go on the Offensive
The Allied Offensive
Allied offensive begins August 1942 in Guadalcanal
October 1944, Allies converge on Leyte Island in Philippines
- return of MacArthur
Continued . . .
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28. B – Why was the Battle of Leyte Gulf so crucial to the Allies?
The Battle was a disaster for the Japan. From then on, the Imperial Navy played only a minor role in the defense of Japan.

29. GUIDED READING: The War in the Pacific MacArthur;
Date and Place
Leaders Involved
What happened?
Guadalcanal:
MacArthur;
Americans dealt Japan its first defeat on land.

30. The Allies Go on the Offensive3
SECTION
The Allies Go on the Offensive
The Japanese Defense
Japan uses kamikaze attack—pilots crash bomb-laden planes into ships
Battle of Leyte Gulf is a disaster for Japan
- Imperial Navy severely damaged; plays minor role after
Continued . . .
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32. KAMIKAZE PILOTS ATTACK ALLIES
The Americans continued leapfrogging across the Pacific toward Japan
Japanese countered by employing a new tactic – Kamikaze (divine wind) attacks
Pilots in small bomb-laden planes would crash into Allied ships
In the Battle for the Philippines, 424 Kamikaze pilots sank 16 ships and damaged 80 more

33. GUIDED READING: The War in the Pacific MacArthur;
Date and Place
Leaders Involved
What happened?
Leyte Gulf:
MacArthur;
Americans retook the Philippines and dealt a devastating blow to the Japanese navy.

34. Iwo Jima 3 Iwo Jima critical as base from which planes can reach Japan
SECTION
continued The Allies Go on the Offensive
Iwo Jima
Iwo Jima critical as base from which planes can reach Japan
6,000 marines die taking island; of 20,700 Japanese, 200 survive
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35. IWO JIMA
General MacArthur and the Allies next turned to the Island of Iwo Jima
The island was critical to the Allies as a base for an attack on Japan
It was called the most heavily defended spot on earth
Allied and Japanese forces suffered heavy casualties
American soldiers plant the flag on the Island of Iwo Jima after their victory

36. GUIDED READING: The War in the Pacific MacArthur;.
Date and Place
Leaders Involved
What happened?
Iwo Jima:
MacArthur;.
in a fierce battle, the Allies took the island from Japan

37. The Battle for Okinawa 3 April 1945 U.S. Marines invade Okinawa
SECTION
continued The Allies Go on the Offensive
The Battle for Okinawa
April 1945 U.S. Marines invade Okinawa
April–June: 7,600 U.S. troops, 110,000 Japanese die
Allies fear invasion of Japan may mean 1.5 million Allied casualties
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39. THE BATTLE FOR OKINAWA In April 1945, U.S. marines invaded Okinawa
The Japanese unleashed 1,900 Kamikaze attacks sinking 30 ships and killing 5,000 seamen
Okinawa cost the Americans 7,600 marines and the Japanese 110,000 soldiers

41. C – Why was Okinawa a significant island in the war in the Pacific?
It was the last island that stood between the Allies and a final assault on Japan.
The battle itself was a foretaste of what the Allies imagined the final invasion of Japan would be.

42. GUIDED READING: The War in the Pacific MacArthur;
Date and Place
Leaders Involved
What happened?
Okinawa:
MacArthur;
the Allies took the island from Japan.

43. INVADE JAPAN?
After Okinawa, MacArthur predicted that a Normandy type amphibious invasion of Japan would result in 1,500,000 Allied deaths
President Truman saw only one way to avoid an invasion of Japan . . .
Okinawa
The loss of life at Iwo Jima and Okinawa convinced Allied leaders that an invasion of Japan was not the best idea

45. The Atomic Bomb Ends the War3
SECTION
The Atomic Bomb Ends the War
The Manhattan Project
• J. Robert Oppenheimer is research director of Manhattan Project
• July 1945, atomic bomb tested in New Mexico desert
• President Truman orders military to drop 2 atomic bombs on Japan
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46. ATOMIC BOMB DEVELOPED
Japan had a huge army that would defend every inch of the Japanese mainland
So Truman decided to use a powerful new weapon developed by scientists working on the Manhattan Project – the Atomic Bomb

47. The Atomic Bomb Ends the War3
SECTION
The Atomic Bomb Ends the War
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
August 6, Hiroshima, major military center, destroyed by bomb
3 days later, bomb dropped on city of Nagasaki
September 2, 1945 Japan surrenders
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48. U.S. DROPS TWO ATOMIC BOMBS ON JAPAN
Truman warned Japan in late July that without a immediate Japanese surrender, it faced “prompt and utter destruction”
On August 6 (Hiroshima) and August 9 (Nagasaki) a B-29 bomber dropped Atomic Bombs on Japan
The plane and crew that dropped an atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan

49. August 6, 1945
HIROSHIMA

50. August 9, 1945 NAGASAKI

51. Soviet-made Big Ivan or more commonly known as the Tsar Bomba holds the record for the world’s biggest bomb throughout history and here’s why.

52. And on October 30, 1961 at exactly 11:32 AM, just as Khrushchev demanded, Big Ivan was dropped down from  Andrei Durnovtsev’s plane at a height of 6.5 miles and steadily parachuted its way to the Mityushikha Bay test range in Novaya Zemlya. The world’s biggest bomb went “kaboom” at the height of 2.5 miles giving the plane merely 188 seconds to escape.

53. Big Ivan showcased 57 megaton of USSR’s might
Big Ivan showcased 57 megaton of USSR’s might. The Nagasaki and Hiroshima atomic bombings have to be multiplied 1,400 times to get in par with that. Furthermore, its power was all the fire power expended during the Second World War multiplied ten times.

59. Japan formally surrendered.
GUIDED READING:
The War in the Pacific
The War in the Pacific
Date and Place
Leaders Involved
What happened?
Tokyo Bay;
Hirohito, MacArthur;
Japan formally surrendered.

60. JAPAN SURRENDERS
Japan surrendered days after the second atomic bomb was dropped
General MacArthur said, “Today the guns are silent. The skies no longer rain death . . .the entire world is quietly at peace.”
WAR ENDS SEPT 2, 1945
At the White House, President Harry Truman announces the Japanese surrender, August 14, 1945

61. GUIDED READING: The War in the Pacific (J. Robert) Oppenheimer;
The Science War
Date and Place
Leaders Involved
What happened?
Los Alamos;
(J. Robert) Oppenheimer;
the first atomic bomb was built.
Hiroshima and Nagasaki:
Truman;
first atomic bombs were dropped.

62. Rebuilding Begins The Yalta Conference Human Costs of the War 3
SECTION
Rebuilding Begins
The Yalta Conference
February 1945, FDR, Churchill, Stalin meet in Yalta
- discuss post-war world
FDR, Churchill concession: temporarily divide Germany into 4 parts
Stalin promises free elections in Eastern Europe; will fight Japan
FDR gets support for conference to establish United Nations
Human Costs of the War
WW II most destructive war in human history
Continued . . .
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63. (L to R) Churchill, FDR and Stalin at Yalta
In February 1945, as the Allies pushed toward victory in Europe, an ailing FDR met with Churchill and Stalin at the Black Sea resort of Yalta in the USSR
A series of compromises were worked out concerning postwar Europe
THE YALTA CONFERENCE
(L to R) Churchill, FDR and Stalin at Yalta

64. YALTA AGREEMENTS
1) They agreed to divide Germany into 4 occupied zones after the war
2) Stalin agreed to free elections in Eastern Europe
3) Stalin agreed to help the U.S. in the war against Japan and to join the United Nations

65. E – What decisions did Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin make at the Yalta Conference?
They agreed to a temporary division of Germany into four zones;
Stalin promised that the Soviet occupied Eastern European countries would have free elections;
Stalin agreed to defeat Japan;
Stalin agreed to establish the United Nations.

66. Planning and Rebuilding for Peace
GUIDED READING:
The War in the Pacific
Planning and Rebuilding for Peace
Date and Place
Leaders Involved
What happened?
Yalta:
Roosevelt, Stalin, Churchill;
at the Yalta Conference, Allied leaders made important decisions about the postwar world.

67. The Nuremberg War Trials3
SECTION
continued Rebuilding Begins
The Nuremberg War Trials
• Nuremberg trials—24 Nazi leaders tried, sentenced
- charged with crimes against humanity, against the peace, war crimes
Establish principle that people responsible for own actions in war
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69. D – Why was Roosevelt anxious to make concessions to Stalin concerning the fate of Postwar Germany?
FDR wanted Soviet help in the war against Japan;
He also wanted soviet cooperation in establishing the United Nations.

70. Planning and Rebuilding for Peace
GUIDED READING:
The War in the Pacific
Planning and Rebuilding for Peace
Date and Place
Leaders Involved
What happened?
San Francisco:
N/A
United Nations (UN) established

71. The Occupation of Japan3
SECTION
continued Rebuilding Begins
The Occupation of Japan
MacArthur commands U.S. occupation forces in Japan
Over 1,100 Japanese tried, sentenced
MacArthur reshapes Japan’s economy, government
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72. THE OCCUPATION OF JAPAN
Japan was occupied by U.S. forces under the command of General MacArthur
During the seven- year occupation, MacArthur reshaped Japan’s economy by introducing free-market practices that led to a remarkable economic recovery
Additionally, he introduced a liberal constitution that to this day is called the MacArthur Constitution

73. NUREMBERG WAR TRIALS
Herman Goering, Hitler's right-hand man and chief architect of the German war effort, testifies at his trial. He was found guilty of war crimes but avoided execution by swallowing potassium cyanide.
The discovery of Hitler’s death camps led the Allies to put 24 surviving Nazi leaders on trial for crimes against humanity, crimes against the peace, and war crimes
The trials were held in Nuremberg, Germany
“I was only following orders” was not an acceptable defense as 12 of the 24 were sentenced to death and the others to life in prison

74. Planning and Rebuilding for Peace
GUIDED READING:
The War in the Pacific
Planning and Rebuilding for Peace
Date and Place
Leaders Involved
What happened?
Nuremberg:
Jackson;
at the Nuremberg trials, Nazi leaders were tried for wartime crimes