1. Chapter 3 The Biological Basis of Development
Part II Beginnings
Chapter 3
The Biological Basis of Development

2. The Fertilization Process
The Beginnings
The Menstrual Cycle
Infertility
In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)
Adoption

3. Heredity at Work Chromosomes and Genes
Male-Female Differences:
Females resist disease better than males
Males are more subject to hereditary disease and defects
Males are affected by environmental elements more than females

4. Heredity at Work DNA: Structure and Function
Genes contain strands of DNA(deoxiribonucleic acid)
The code for determining one’s characteristics is in the DNA

5. Heredity at Work How Traits Are Transmitted
Dominant genes show themselves; recessive ones are hidden unless there are two of them (homozygous).
Incomplete dominanceblends, i.e. red and white=pink.
Mutations=changes to the genespossible adverse inheritance

6. Heredity at Work Hereditary Disorders Chromosomal Disorders:
Down Syndrome—extra 21st chromosome specific facial and body features, intellectual deficits.
Genetic Disorders:
Tay-Sachs Disease—recessive gene in Jews of Eastern European originfat accumulation in brain and nervous system. Fatal disease.

7. Heredity at Work Hereditary Disorders Genetic Disorders:
Sickle-Cell Anemia—recessive gene in people of African descentdistorted red blood cells that are deficient in carrying oxygen to body.
Sex-Linked Inheritance=females carry the recessive gene; males show the traits, i.e.Hemophilia—blood-clotting disorder;Fragile X Syndrome—mental retardation

8. The Human Genome Project
How the Human Genome Project Began
Top Biologists in USA in 1980’s set goals:
Map human genome and identify all genes and sequence of the nucleotides
Develop new technologies and consider effects of this project
HGP Accomplishments
June 26, 2000, a rough draft of the human genome was announced

9. The Human Genome Project
Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications
Fairness in using the genetic information
Privacy and confidentiality of information
Psychological Impact
Role of Genetic Testing
Reproductive Issues
Clinical Issues
Commercialization