1. Substance-Related AND Addictive Disorders/Drug Abuse
By: Ashlee Anderson& Brianna Boyington

2. Terms to know
Addiction- A compulsive or chronic requirement. Intoxication- A physical and mental state of exhilaration and emotional frenzy or lethargy and stupor. Withdrawal- The physiological and mental readjustment that accompanies the discontinuation of a addictive substance

3. Biological & Psychological Factors of Substance Addiction
Studies have shown a hereditary factor is involved in addiction
Children of alcoholics are 4x more likely to become addicts themselves
People with anxiety are low self-esteem are more likely to turn to alcohol & drugs

4. Alcohol Use Disorder Alcohol exerts a depressant effect on the CNS
Alcoholism is the nations number one health problem and third leading cause of preventable death in the US.
Fetal Alcohol syndrome is the most common preventable cause of mental retardation in the US.

5. Alcohol Use disorder Phases
Phase 1: The Prealcoholic Phase
Phase 2: The early Alcoholic Phase
Phase 3: The Crucial Phase
Phase 4: The Chronic Phase
Tolerance develops
Amount required to achieve desired effect increases steadily
Blackouts
Alcohol is required
Secret drinking
Feels guilt
Denial
-Loss of control
-Binge drinking
-Loss of job, relationships
-Physiological addiction is evident
-Emotional / physical disintegration
-Withdrawal symptoms occur without alcohol

6. Effects on the body from Alcohol
Peripheral Neuropathy
Nerve damage, resulting in stinging, burning, tingling of extremities
Is reversible with cessation of alcohol
Without abstinence permanent damage can occur

7. Effects on the body from Alcohol
Alcoholic Myopathy
May occur as acute or chronic
Sudden onset of muscle pain or swelling and weakness occurs
Thought to be a result of Vitamin B deficiency

8. Effects on the body from Alcohol
Wernickes Encephalopathy and Korsakoff’s Psychosis
These two disorders are normally considered together the Wernicke- Korsakoff Syndrome
Confusion along with paralysis of the ocular muscles, diplopia and ataxia.
Thiamine replacement therapy must happen quickly or death can occur.

9. Effects on the body from Alcohol
Alcoholic Cardiomyopathy
Accumulation of lipids in the myocardial cells
Symptoms include dyspnea, tachycardia, palpitations
Treatment is total abstinence from alcohol

10. Effects on the body from Alcohol
Alcoholic Hepatitis/ Cirrhosis of the Liver
Inflammation/scarring of the liver from long term heavy use
Ascites
Portal Hypertension
Esophageal Varices
Hepatic Encephalopathy

11. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

12. Alcohol Intoxication Symptoms include:
Mood changes, Slurred speech, incoordination, unsteady gait, flushed face, nystagmus

13. Alcohol Withdrawal Within 4-12 hours of cessation effects can appear
Tremors
Nausea/Vomiting
Sweating
Irritability
Hallucinations
Headache
Tachycardia

14. Sedative, Hypnotic and Anxiolytic Use Disorder
Induces varying degrees of CNS depression
Generally categorized as barbiturates, nonbarbiturate hypnotics, and antianxiety agents

16. Barbiturates decrease the amount of time dreaming
Effects on the body
Sleeping and dreaming
Barbiturates decrease the amount of time dreaming

17. Respiratory Depression
Effects on the Body
Respiratory Depression
Barbiturates are capable of slowing breathing pattern
When other CNS depressants are used in combination, life threatening events can occur

18. Cardiovascular Effects
Effects on the body
Cardiovascular Effects
Hypotension can occur when barbiturates are used incorrectly
Impaired cardiac output

19. Renal and Hepatic Effects
Effects on the body
Renal and Hepatic Effects
Barbiturates may suppress urine function, sedative-hypnotics have no direct effect on the kidneys
Barbiturates may cause jaundice with large doses

20. High doses of barbiturates can lower body temperature
Effects on the body
Body Temperature
High doses of barbiturates can lower body temperature

21. Sedative, Hypnotic, or Anxiolytic Intoxication
Inappropriate or sexual behavior
Impaired judgement, functioning
Slurred speech
Unsteady gait, nystagmus
Memory impairment
Coma

22. Sedative, Hypnotic, or Anxiolytic Withdrawal
Onset of symptoms depend on the drug
Symptoms are:
Sweating
Tachycardia
Hand Tremors
Anxiety
Grand Mal seizures

23. What have we learned???
1. What phase of alcoholics pattern of progression begins with blackouts and secret drinking?
A. The Chronic Phase
B. The Prealcoholic Phase
C. The Early Alcoholic Phase
D. The Crucial Phase

24. What have we learned?
ANSWER: C- The Early Alcoholic Phase
This phase involves blackouts, sneaking drinks or secret drinking, the individual feels enormous guild and gets very defensive about their drinking.

25. What have we learned? 2. True or false:
An apparent hereditary factor is involved in the development of substance-use disorders.

26. What have we learned?
TRUE- studies have shown children of alcoholics are 4x more likely to become alcoholics.

27. THE END