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Warm-Up/Journal What nutrient do you think is the most important? Explain why.
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Chapter 10 Lesson 2 Nutrients
Objective: List the 6 nutrients & explain their function Main Idea: Each nutrient in your diet plays a unique and essential role in keeping you healthy.
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6 Types of Nutrients 3 provide energy
Carbohydrates are starches & sugars found in food. Body’s main source of energy. 4 calories/gram 3 types of carbs FIBER – a tough carbohydrate that cannot be digested. It moves waste through your digestive system. Protein – body uses to build & maintain tissues and cells. “Building block” for all cells Muscle & tissue repair 4 calories/gram
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Types of Carbohydrates
Simple sugars lactose fructose honey maple syrup Fruit Candy/sweets Complex starches grains root vegetables (potatoes) bread pasta beans Fiber a tough complex carb that the body can’t digest fruits vegetables whole grains nuts seeds
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The role of carbohydrates
Most carbs are turned into glucose for the body to use Extra glucose is stored as gycogen Complex Carbs have fiber Fiber – can’t be digested cleans out the digestive system reduces risks of cardiovascular disease and colon cancer
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The role of proteins Amino Acids (AA)
Building blocks for proteins 20 Amino Acids Essential AA Non-essential AA 9 essential Must get from food – body can’t make Are found in foods Body can make from food combinations
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Types of Proteins Complete Proteins Incomplete Proteins Animal sources
Contain all 9 essential AA’s Meat, eggs, dairy, soy Plant sources Missing at least 1 essential AA
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6 Types of Nutrients 3 provide energy (Continue)
Fats most concentrated form of energy 3 types 9 calories/gram Stored energy UNSATURATED FATS room temp) Vegetable Oils Nuts & Seeds SATURATED FATS room tem) Animal products Meat & Dairy Coconut Oil TRANS FATS Hydrogenation cause vegetable oil to become more saturated. Margarine, snack foods, baked goods
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The Role of Fats Brain development Controls inflammation
Concentrated and stored energy Absorb & transport fat-soluble vit. (A, D, E, K) Brain development Blood clotting Controls inflammation Healthy skin and hair
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A waxy fatlike substance
Cholesterol: A waxy fatlike substance Needed for: cell walls, hormones, vitamin D Too much can build up inside your arteries, raising your risk of heart disease.
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Giving Your Body What It Needs
Nutrients perform SPECIFIC ROLES in maintaining your body functions: Energy Source Heal, build and repair tissue Help growth Transport oxygen to cells Regulate body functions
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6 Types of Nutrients 3 body functions
VITAMINS – compounds found in food that help regulate many body fuctions. NOT an energy source 2 Types: FAT and WATER soluble Regulates all processes MINERALS – elements found in food that are used by the body. The body can’t make/no energy Strong bones/teeth Electrolytes for fluid balance Examples) Sodium, calcium, phosphorous, iron, zinc
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Water Soluble Vitamins:
Stored in water; extra leaves body in urine C Fights infection and heals wounds Healthy bones, teeth, gums, blood vessels Folic Acid Reduces risk of birth defects Forms new cells B complex Helps body use energy Supports immune & nervous system Helps red blood cells
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Fat Soluble Vitamins: Stored in body fat; can reach toxic levels A
Night vision White blood cells and cell growth D Helps body use calcium and phosporus Maintain strong bones E Prevent cell damage and repair tissues Aids in blood flow K Essential for blood clotting Helps with bone formation
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a condition in which bones become fragile and break easily.
Osteoporosis: a condition in which bones become fragile and break easily. Women and fair skin people more at-risk Weight bearing activities reduce risk Calcium is important in prevention
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6 Types of Nutrients 3 body functions (continued)
WATER = the most ESSENTIAL nutrient Helps digestive sysyem Transports nutrients and removes waste Storing & releasing heat Cooling the body through perspiration(sweat) Cushioning the eyes, brain, and spinal cord Teen Males = 13 cups of water per day. Teen Females = 9 cups of water per day.
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Type of Nutrients Eaten List all nutrients we Discussed
Activity 1. Create Chart Below: On a separate sheet of paper. 2. Use the book and your notes to complete. 3. Place in NOTEBOOK to study from. Meal Type of Nutrients Eaten Type of Fats Eaten Healthy/ Unhealthy List all nutrients we Discussed Yesterday Breakfast Yesterday Lunch Yesterday Dinner Today Breakfast
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