1. Integumentary system - skin and adnexa

2. Skin and adnexa
Skin
Adnexa (derivatives): – hair – nail – sebaceous glands – sweat glands – mammary glands

3. Skin (cutis): structure
epidermis – stratified squamous keratinized epithelium
dermis (corium) –connective tissue + adnexa
hypodermis (tela subcutanea) – dense c.t. + adipocytes (panniculus adiposus)
area 1.5 – 2.5 m2
weight 16 % of b.w.
Thickness 1 – 5 mm

5. Epidermis (stratif. squamous keratinized ep.)
Stratum corneum proprium thick layer, keratin, desmosome disjunction
(Stratum lucidum) cells – no nucleus; tonofilaments, eleidin
Stratum granulosum picnotic cell nuclei , granules with glykolipids and keratohyalin
Stratum spinosum „prickle-cell“ or spiny layer, tonofilaments
Stratum basale cuboida-columnar cells, mitosis + melanocytes
basement membrane

6. Epidermis

7. Epidermis
Dermis

8. Epidermis (cells = keratinocytes)
stratum
corneum
granulosum
spinosum
basale

9. Another cells in epidermis
A = melanocytes
B = Langerhans‘ cells (antigen presenting)
C = Merkel‘s cells (receptors)
„supranuklear cap“
- granules of pigment melanin

10. Types of skin
Thin mm epidermis 70 – 100 m layers, all adnexa
Occurrence: all over body, except in glans penis and labia minora + vestibulum vaginae
Thick mm – 800 m, layers of epidermis, without hair follicles
Occurrence: palma manus planta pedis

11. Skin with hair

12. Skin from finger tip

13. Skin types

14. Skin type: thin thick
REGIONAL DIFFERENCES
Skin with hair Skin from axilla Skin from tip of finger
apocrine sweat glands ONLY ecrine sweat glands
NO! YES!
hair follicles, sebaceous gll.
NO!

15. Epidermis of thick skin Cristae et sulci cutis:
papilary lines (dermatoglyphic patterns = fingeprints)
Sweat glands  
vessels of subpapilar plexus
nerv fibers
crista intermedia 
= epidermal peg
dermal papillae

16. Dermis
Stratum papillare dermal papillae – loose connective tissue + capillary loops and nerve endings
Stratum reticulare irregular dense c.t. (dermatansulphate) with solitary smooth muscle cells, SKIN ADNEXA

17. Skin derivatives (adnexa)
Keratinized type: hair nail
Non-keratinized type: sweat gland sebaceous gland mammary gland

18. Hair (pilus)
Scapus
Radix
Bulbus
M. arrector pili
Gl. sebacecea

19. Hair and hair follicle:
Scapus pili
Radix pili:
kutikula
kůra
dřeň
Zevní kořenová pochva
Vnitřní kořenová pochva
Vazivová pochva
Vazivová papila (papilla pili)
epidermis
dermis
gl. sebacea
m. arrector pili
Bulbus pili

20. Hair / pilus hair dermal sheath (3) outer epithel. sheath (2)
inner epithel. sheath (1):
Henle
Huxley
sheath cuticule
hair cuticule
cortex
(dřeň)
papilla
blood vessels
hair
(medulla)
melanocytes

21. Skin with hair (HES)
m. arrector pili

22. Skin with hair (HEŠ) Dermal sheath Hair follicle Hair: cortex
Bulbus pili
Melanocytes
Papilla pili

23. hair
spruce-cone
Hair cuticle

24. Nail (unguis) Nail plate (str. corneum) Radix unguis Epithelial bed
(str. germinativum)
Lectulus unguis
kost
Periost
Kůže bříška prstu

25. Nail (HE, longitudinal section)

26. Nail (HE, cross section)
Nail plate
Epithelial bed
Vallum unguis
Sulcus unguis
Dermal bed
(lectulus unguis)
Bone of distal phalanga

27. Skin glands small – tubular eccrine sweat gland
large – tuboalveolar apocrine
sebaceous gland – alveolar holocrine
mammary gland – tuboalveolar

28. Sweat glands gll. sudoriferae
Tubular glands:
secretory portion
duct
epidermal canal
Eccrine (eccrinae) – small,
Apocrine (apocrinae) – large, aromatic
eccrine apocrine

29. Sweat glands duct: in epidermis – intraepidermal canal
in dermis – 2layered squamous epithelium
Secretory portion: „glomerulus“
- dark cells - mucopolyssacharides
- light cells – H2O and ions
- myoepithelial cells
- glandular cells
Secretion:
H20, proteins, Nacl, NH3,
urea, uric acid
Apocrine glands - occurrence:
axilla, cirkumanal region, labia pudendi
minores, areola mammae, glands of Moll
In palpebra, gll. ceruminosae
Secretion: H20, proteins, steroids

30. Epidermal canal
of sweat gland:

31. Eccrine sweat glands

32. Apocrine sweat glands

33. Sebaceous glands duct: stratified squamous ep.
Secretory portion – filled with cells
Secretion: triacylglycerol, cholesterol, squalene
Sebaceous glands
alveolar, holocrine

34. Gl. sebaceae (HE) Pyknotic nucleus Center of alveol
Basal cells – proliferating („germinal“) cells

35. Mammary gland gl. mammae
Tuboalveolar gland

36. Age and functinal differences of mammary gland structure

37. Mamma non lactans

38. Mamma lactans

39. Mamma non lactans (1, 2) and mamma lactans (3,4)

40. Intergumentary system
Slides:
69. Skin from tip of finger (HE)
70. Skin from axilla (HE)
71. Skin with hair (HE)
72. Nail (HE, longitudinal or cross section)
73. Mamma non lactans (HE)
74. Mamma lactans (HE)