1. Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology
Eleventh Edition
Chapter 5
The Integumentary System
Clicker Questions

2. What is the usual length of time it takes for a cell to move from the stratum basale to the stratum corneum?
2 to 5 years
3 to 4 months
7 to 10 days
4 to 6 weeks
Answer: c

3. What is the usual length of time it takes for a cell to move from the stratum basale to the stratum corneum?
2 to 5 years
3 to 4 months
7 to 10 days
4 to 6 weeks

4. What accounts for the ability of the dermis to undergo repeated stretching?
elastic fibers and skin turgor resilience
the amount of reticular fibers and fluid
the degree of adipocytes and elastic fibers
the presence of sebaceous glands
Answer: a

5. What accounts for the ability of the dermis to undergo repeated stretching?
elastic fibers and skin turgor resilience
the amount of reticular fibers and fluid
the degree of adipocytes and elastic fibers
the presence of sebaceous glands

6. Which of these statements would be consistent with facts about the skin of an elderly person?
Typically the skin thins and increases the risk of infection.
There can be as much as a 75 percent decrease in vitamin D production.
Immune system function usually declines.
All of the above are usually characteristics of the elderly.
Answer: d

7. Which of these statements would be consistent with facts about the skin of an elderly person?
Typically the skin thins and increases the risk of infection.
There can be as much as a 75 percent decrease in vitamin D production.
Immune system function usually declines.
All of the above are usually characteristics of the elderly.

8. UV radiation striking the skin _____.
can mutate the cells’ DNA and cause cancer
can cause the breakdown of collagen fibers that results in wrinkles later in life
usually impedes the production of vitamin D
both A and B
Answer: d

9. UV radiation striking the skin _____.
can mutate the cells’ DNA and cause cancer
can cause the breakdown of collagen fibers that results in wrinkles later in life
usually impedes the production of vitamin D
both A and B

10. Some criminals sand the tips of their fingers so as not to leave recognizable fingerprints. Would this practice permanently remove fingerprints? Why or why not?
Yes, because the dermal papillae die if exposed.
No, because the original ridge pattern regenerates.
Yes, because the stratum basale thickens, hiding the ridge patterns.
No, but completely different ridge patterns will appear with regrowth.
Answer: b

11. Some criminals sand the tips of their fingers so as not to leave recognizable fingerprints. Would this practice permanently remove fingerprints? Why or why not?
Yes, because the dermal papillae die if exposed.
No, because the original ridge pattern regenerates.
Yes, because the stratum basale thickens, hiding the ridge patterns.
No, but completely different ridge patterns will appear with regrowth.

12. Which layer of the epidermis is only present in thick skin?
stratum lucidum
stratum basale
stratum spinosum
stratum granulosum
Answer: a

13. Which layer of the epidermis is only present in thick skin?
stratum lucidum
stratum basale
stratum spinosum
stratum granulosum

14. Water from interstitial fluids is lost to the surrounding air by what process?
inconsequential perspiration
interstitial perspiration
insensible perspiration
immersion perspiration
Answer: c

15. Water from interstitial fluids is lost to the surrounding air by what process?
inconsequential perspiration
interstitial perspiration
insensible perspiration
immersion perspiration

16. Which statement below is TRUE about a skin condition known as vitiligo?
It develops due to excessive keloid formation.
It is frequently associated with an autoimmune problem.
It is a skin disease that can cause dark areas of pigmentation.
It is a disease that results from UV radiation.
Answer: b

17. Which statement below is TRUE about a skin condition known as vitiligo?
It develops due to excessive keloid formation.
It is frequently associated with an autoimmune problem.
It is a skin disease that can cause dark areas of pigmentation.
It is a disease that results from UV radiation.

18. Which of the following is NOT a role of epidermal growth factor?
promotes the division of cells in the stratum basale
accelerates the production of new melanin
converts a cholesterol-related steroid to cholecalciferol (vitamin D3)
stimulates synthetic activity and secretion by epithelial glands
Answer: c

19. Which of the following is NOT a role of epidermal growth factor?
promotes the division of cells in the stratum basale
accelerates the production of new melanin
converts a cholesterol-related steroid to cholecalciferol (vitamin D3)
stimulates synthetic activity and secretion by epithelial glands

20. What is the combination of fibrin clots, fibroblasts, and the extensive network of capillaries in healing tissue called?
granulation tissue
scar
scab
callus
Answer: a

21. What is the combination of fibrin clots, fibroblasts, and the extensive network of capillaries in healing tissue called?
granulation tissue
scar
scab
callus

22. Where would a subcutaneous injection be made in the skin?
reticular layer of dermis
epidermis
papillary layer of dermis
hypodermis
Answer: d

23. Where would a subcutaneous injection be made in the skin?
reticular layer of dermis
epidermis
papillary layer of dermis
hypodermis

24. Why does the skin of a fair-skinned person appear red during exercise in hot weather?
Sunlight stimulates erythrocyte production in skin.
Sunlight bleaches fair skin, allowing blood to be seen.
It’s due to the vasodilation of superficial blood vessels in the skin.
Heat stimulates cutaneous blood vessels, causing leaks.
Answer: c

25. Why does the skin of a fair-skinned person appear red during exercise in hot weather?
Sunlight stimulates erythrocyte production in skin.
Sunlight bleaches fair skin, allowing blood to be seen.
It’s due to the vasodilation of superficial blood vessels in the skin.
Heat stimulates cutaneous blood vessels, causing leaks.

26. What is the clinical significance of a cut in the skin made parallel to lines of cleavage?
The cut will likely scar due to severed collagen and elastic fibers.
The cut will heal with little scarring because collagen and elastic fibers are located in parallel bundles along lines of cleavage.
The papillary and reticular layer of the dermis would become separated from each other.
Melanin and carotene will dissipate from the epidermis, leaving a scar.
Answer: b

27. What is the clinical significance of a cut in the skin made parallel to lines of cleavage?
The cut will likely scar due to severed collagen and elastic fibers.
The cut will heal with little scarring because collagen and elastic fibers are located in parallel bundles along lines of cleavage.
The papillary and reticular layer of the dermis would become separated from each other.
Melanin and carotene will dissipate from the epidermis, leaving a scar.

28. Two terms for the connective tissue below the dermis are _____
Two terms for the connective tissue below the dermis are _____. It is made of _____ and its functions include _____.
subcutaneous layer and hypodermic layer; elastic tissue and collagen; stretching and recoil
hypodermis and subcutaneous layer; areolar and adipose tissue; stabilizing position of the skin
hypodermis and deep fascia; adipose and dense irregular tissue; heat production
both B and C
Answer: b

29. Two terms for the connective tissue below the dermis are _____
Two terms for the connective tissue below the dermis are _____. It is made of _____ and its functions include _____.
subcutaneous layer and hypodermic layer; elastic tissue and collagen; stretching and recoil
hypodermis and subcutaneous layer; areolar and adipose tissue; stabilizing position of the skin
hypodermis and deep fascia; adipose and dense irregular tissue; heat production
both B and C

30. What are the functions of sebaceous secretions?
inhibits the growth of bacteria
sebum lubricates and conditions the surrounding skin
lubricates and protects the keratin of the hair shaft
all of the above
Answer: d

31. What are the functions of sebaceous secretions?
inhibits the growth of bacteria
sebum lubricates and conditions the surrounding skin
lubricates and protects the keratin of the hair shaft
all of the above

32. Deodorants are used to mask the effects of secretions from which type of skin gland?
ceruminous glands
apocrine sweat glands
merocrine sweat glands
mammary glands
Answer: b

33. Deodorants are used to mask the effects of secretions from which type of skin gland?
ceruminous glands
apocrine sweat glands
merocrine sweat glands
mammary glands

34. Which type of skin glands are most affected by hormonal changes that occur during puberty?
ceruminous glands and anal glands
sebaceous glands and apocrine sweat glands
apocrine sweat glands and mammary glands
merocrine sweat glands and sebaceous glands
Answer: b

35. Which type of skin glands are most affected by hormonal changes that occur during puberty?
ceruminous glands and anal glands
sebaceous glands and apocrine sweat glands
apocrine sweat glands and mammary glands
merocrine sweat glands and sebaceous glands

36. Nail growth and appearance can be affected by metabolic conditions such that they may appear _____.
yellowish with chronic asthma
pitted with psoriasis
concave with blood disorders
all of the above
Answer: d

37. Nail growth and appearance can be affected by metabolic conditions such that they may appear _____.
yellowish with chronic asthma
pitted with psoriasis
concave with blood disorders
all of the above

38. Which is the main protein that makes up the bulk of nails?
collagen
elastin
keratin
myosin
Answer: c

39. Which is the main protein that makes up the bulk of nails?
collagen
elastin
keratin
myosin

40. Decubitus ulcers result from decreases in _____.
vitamin D levels
dermal circulation
keratin production
carotene intake
Answer: b

41. Decubitus ulcers result from decreases in _____.
vitamin D levels
dermal circulation
keratin production
carotene intake

42. Which statement below is TRUE?
First- and second-degree burns are called full-thickness burns.
Third-degree burns will extend deep into the hypodermis.
Surgical procedures are always indicated for third-degree burns.
Both B and C are true statements.
Answer: d

43. Which statement below is TRUE?
First- and second-degree burns are called full-thickness burns.
Third-degree burns will extend deep into the hypodermis.
Surgical procedures are always indicated for third-degree burns.
Both B and C are true statements.

44. When fluid accumulates between the dermis and epidermis, this is known as a(n) _____.
keloid
ulcer
tumor
blister
Answer: d

45. When fluid accumulates between the dermis and epidermis, this is known as a(n) _____.
keloid
ulcer
tumor
blister

46. Mr. Wilson is exhibiting yellowed skin
Mr. Wilson is exhibiting yellowed skin. Which of the following conditions does he have and what is its cause?
vitiligo; loss of melanocytes or thyroid disease
Addison’s disease; excess secretion of ACTH
pituitary tumor; excess secretion of MSH
jaundice; liver disease
Answer: d

47. Mr. Wilson is exhibiting yellowed skin
Mr. Wilson is exhibiting yellowed skin. Which of the following conditions does he have and what is its cause?
vitiligo; loss of melanocytes or thyroid disease
Addison’s disease; excess secretion of ACTH
pituitary tumor; excess secretion of MSH
jaundice; liver disease

48. Spending all day indoors and having no dairy intake is highly correlated with bone disorders. What is the connection?
UV light prevents calcium deposition in bones.
Melanin production is necessary for bone growth.
UV light is necessary to produce the hormone cholecalciferol (vitamin D3).
Cloth prevents oxygen from diffusing into skin and bones.
Answer: c

49. Spending all day indoors and having no dairy intake is highly correlated with bone disorders. What is the connection?
UV light prevents calcium deposition in bones.
Melanin production is necessary for bone growth.
UV light is necessary to produce the hormone cholecalciferol (vitamin D3).
Cloth prevents oxygen from diffusing into skin and bones.

50. In which systems, other than the integument, does vitamin D3 play a critical role?
endocrine, cardiovascular, and urinary systems
skeletal, endocrine, digestive, and muscular systems
digestive, urinary, lymphatic, and muscular systems
None of the above is correct.
Answer: b

51. In which systems, other than the integument, does vitamin D3 play a critical role?
endocrine, cardiovascular, and urinary systems
skeletal, endocrine, digestive, and muscular systems
digestive, urinary, lymphatic, and muscular systems
None of the above is correct.