2. Chapter 1 The Political Landscape
Your first lecture should warm up your students to what they can expect for the rest of the semester. A fun and interesting activity is to set up some surveys to see where your students stand on the issues. How many favor the current president? How many oppose the health care bill? What about the war in Afghanistan? What do they think of the BP oil spill? Tax cuts? Hit all the current topics. Have your students write down their responses and hand them in. Display the final counts; e.g., 12 votes for Obama, 15 against, etc. Ask if any would like to discuss their answers. Your students will learn a little about each other, and you will get a feel for where your students stand on the issues.
Chapter 1 The Political Landscape

3. Chapter Outline and Learning Objectives
LO 1.1: American government is rooted in the cultures and experiences of early European colonists as well as interactions with the indigenous populations of the New World. The first colonists sought wealth. Later pilgrims came seeking religious freedom. The colonies set up systems of government that differed widely in terms of form, role, and function. As they developed, they sought more independence from the British monarchy.
LO 1.2: The ideas of social contract theorists John Locke, Charles- Louis, the Second Baron of Montesquieu, Thomas Hobbes, and Jean- Jacques Rousseau have had continuing implications for our ideas of the proper role of government in our indirect democracy. They held the belief that people are free and equal by natural right and therefore must give their consent to be governed.
Roots of American Government: We the People
LO 1.1: Trace the origins of American government.
The Theoretical Foundations of American Government
LO 1.2: Show how European political thought provided the theoretical. foundations of American government.

4. Chapter Outline and Learning Objectives
LO 1.3: Political culture is a group’s commonly shared attitudes, beliefs, and core values about how government should operate. Key tenets of Americans’ shared political culture are liberty and equality; popular consent, majority rule and popular sovereignty; individualism; and religious freedom.
LO 1.4: The functions of American government include establishing justice, insuring domestic tranquility, providing for the common defense, promoting the general welfare, and securing the blessings of liberty.
American Political Culture and the Basic Tenets of American Democracy
LO 1.3: Describe American political culture, and identify the basic tenets of American democracy.
Functions of American Government
LO 1.4: Explain the functions of American government. 4

5. Chapter Outline and Learning Objectives
LO 1.5: Several characteristics of the American electorate can help us understand how the system continues to evolve and change. Among these are changes in size and population, racial and ethnic composition, age, religious beliefs, regional growth and expansion, and family and family size.
LO 1.6:Ideologies, the belief systems that shape the thinking of individuals and how they view the world, affect people’s ideas about government. The major categories of political ideology in America are conservative, liberal, and moderate.
LO 1.7: Shifts in population have created controversy in the American electorate throughout America’s history. Americans have high and often unrealistic expectations of government, yet often fail to appreciate how much their government actually does for them. Americans’ failing trust in institutions also explains some of the apathy among the American electorate.
The Changing American Public
LO 1.5: Analyze the changing characteristics of the American public.
Political Ideology
LO 1.6: Assess the role of political ideology in shaping American politics.
Toward Reform: People and Politics
LO 1.7: Characterize changes in Americans’ attitudes toward and expectations of government. 5

6. The earliest inhabitants of the Americas The first colonists
Roots of American Government: We the People LO 1.1: Trace the origins of American government.
Photo caption: How did Roger Williams establish Providence?
Providence was established on land previously owned by the Narragansett Indians. Here, Williams meets with members of the tribe.
The earliest inhabitants of the Americas
The first colonists
A religious tradition takes root
Calvin and Newton
Protestant Puritans
Religious tolerance grows
Becoming Americans
To Learning Objectives

7. In which state did the Puritans first settle?
LO 1.1
In which state did the Puritans first settle?
Massachusetts
Virginia
New York
Rhode Island
New Hampshire
To Learning Objectives

8. In which state did the Puritans first settle?
LO 1.1
In which state did the Puritans first settle?
Massachusetts
Virginia
New York
Rhode Island
New Hampshire
To Learning Objectives 8

9. Social contract theory
The Theoretical Foundations of American Government LO 1.2: Show how European political thought provided the theoretical. foundations of American government.
Social contract theory
Devising a national government in the American colonies
Types of government
To Learning Objectives

10. Social Contract Theory
LO 1.2
Photo Caption: Why did Hobbes support a single ruler?
Hobbes favored a single ruler to protect the weak from the strong. The title page from Thomas Hobbes’s Leviathan (1651) depicts a giant ruler whose body consists of the bodies of his subjects. This is symbolic of the people coming together under one ruler.
Social Contract Theory
The Mayflower Compact
Hobbes’s Leviathan
Locke’s Second Treatise on Civil Government
Montesquieu’s Spirit of the Laws
Rousseau’s Social Contract
To Learning Objectives 10

11. Direct democracy versus indirect democracy Republics Monarchy
LO 1.2
Devising a National Government in the American Colonies and Types of Government
Direct democracy versus indirect democracy
Republics
Monarchy
Totalitarianism
Oligarchy
To Learning Objectives 11

12. LO 1.2
Which political philosopher had the greatest influence on the Declaration of Independence?
Thomas Hobbes
Charles Montesquieu
Jean Jacques Rousseau
John Locke
Jesus
To Learning Objectives

13. LO 1.2
Which political philosopher had the greatest influence on the Declaration of Independence?
Thomas Hobbes
Charles Montesquieu
Jean Jacques Rousseau
John Locke
Jesus
To Learning Objectives 13

14. Popular consent, majority rule, and popular sovereignty
American Political Culture and the Basic Tenets of American Democracy LO 1.3: Describe American political culture, and identify the basic tenets of American democracy.
Photo Caption: Why is religious freedom a tenet of American democracy?
Many of the first settlers came to the United States to escape religious persecution. Here, American Catholics greet Pope Benedict XVI during his visit to the United States.
Liberty and equality
Popular consent, majority rule, and popular sovereignty
Natural law
Individualism
Religious faith and religious freedom
To Learning Objectives

15. LO 1.3
What is the idea that society should be governed by certain ethical principals that are part of nature and, as such, can be understood by reason?
Biblical law
Natural law
Majority rule
Oligarchy
Both B and D
To Learning Objectives

16. LO 1.3
What is the idea that society should be governed by certain ethical principals that are part of nature and, as such, can be understood by reason?
Biblical law
Natural law
Majority rule
Oligarchy
Both B and D
To Learning Objectives 16

17. Insuring domestic tranquility Providing for the common defense
Functions of American Government LO 1.4: Explain the functions of American government.
Establishing justice
Insuring domestic tranquility
Providing for the common defense
Promoting the general welfare
Securing the blessings of liberty
To Learning Objectives

18. LO 1.4
Which function of government is most concerned with economic well being?
Establishing justice
Insuring domestic tranquility
Providing for the common defense
Promoting the general welfare
Securing the blessings of liberty
To Learning Objectives

19. LO 1.4
Which function of government is most concerned with economic well being?
Establishing justice
Insuring domestic tranquility
Providing for the common defense
Promoting the general welfare
Securing the blessings of liberty
To Learning Objectives 19

20. Racial and ethnic composition Aging Religious beliefs
The Changing American Public LO 1.5: Analyze the changing characteristics of the American public.
Photo Caption: What does the typical American family look like?
As the demographics of American society change over time, the composition of American families has become increasingly heterogeneous. Here, the characters in the sitcom Modern Family exemplify the age, ethnic, and sexual diversity in families today, making the “typical American family” difficult to describe.
Racial and ethnic composition
Aging
Baby boomers
Religious beliefs
Regional growth and expansion
Family and family size
To Learning Objectives

21. LO 1.5
In 2010, the Texas Board of Education required textbooks to do which of the following?
Stress the positive effects of capitalism
Question the Framers’ concept of a purely secular government
Present conservative beliefs in a much more positive light
All of the above
None of the above
To Learning Objectives

22. LO 1.5
In 2010, the Texas Board of Education required textbooks to do which of the following?
Stress the positive effects of capitalism
Question the Framers’ concept of a purely secular government
Present conservative beliefs in a much more positive light
All of the above
None of the above
To Learning Objectives 22

23. Functions of ideologies
Political Ideology LO 1.6: Assess the role of political ideology in shaping American politics.
Functions of ideologies
Explanation – provide reasons for why things are the way they are
Evaluation – provide standards for evaluating conditions, institutions, and events
Orientation – provide individuals with an orientation toward issues
Political program – guide individuals in choices and political actions
To Learning Objectives

24. Finding a Political Ideology and Problems with Ideological Labels
Conservative
Liberal
Moderate
Libertarian
To Learning Objectives 24

25. LO 1.6
Which ideology seeks to change the political, economic, and social status quo to foster the development of equality and the well-being of individuals?
Conservative
Liberal
Libertarian
Social conservative
Moderate
To Learning Objectives

26. LO 1.6
Which ideology seeks to change the political, economic, and social status quo to foster the development of equality and the well-being of individuals?
Conservative
Liberal
Libertarian
Social conservative
Moderate
To Learning Objectives 26

27. Redefining our expectations
Toward Reform: People and Politics LO 1.7: Characterize changes in Americans’ attitudes toward and expectations of government.
Redefining our expectations
To Learning Objectives

28. LO 1.7
What has happened to faith in public institutions over the last half century?
It has stayed the same.
It has risen.
It has risen dramatically.
It has declined.
It has ceased to exist.
To Learning Objectives

29. LO 1.7
What has happened to faith in public institutions over the last half century?
It has stayed the same.
It has risen.
It has risen dramatically.
It has declined.
It has ceased to exist.
To Learning Objectives 29

30. Figure 1.1: What did colonial settlement look like before 1700?
To Learning Objectives

31. Figure 1.2: How has the U.S. population grown over time?
To Learning Objectives

32. Figure 1.3: How does the racial and ethnic composition of America now differ from that of 1967?
Back
To Learning Objectives

33. Figure 1.4: Is America getting older?
Back
To Learning Objectives

34. Figure 1.5: What are Americans’ political ideologies?
Back
To Learning Objectives

35. Table 1.1: What were Aristotle’s classifications of government?
To Learning Objectives