1. Chapter 1 Section 1 Government and the State

2. What is Government What is a government?
Government- institution through which society makes & enforces its public policies (things gov. decides to do)
One of oldest human inventions
Date to ancient Egypt (more than 2,300 years ago!)
Governments must have POWER- why?
Make & carry out policies

6. 3 Basic Kinds of Power Legislative- make laws & frame public policies
Executive- execute, enforce, and administer laws
Judicial- interpret laws, determine meaning, & settle disputes

7. Political Animal “man is by nature a political animal.”- Aristotle
What did Aristotle mean by this?

8. Government v. Politics Institution that carries out public policies
The JOB
Process
How society decides how power & resources will be distributed w/in society
The Job application

9. Government v. Politics Process The Job application Teachers
Institution that carries out public policies
The JOB
U.S. Department of Education
National Institutes of Health
Process
The Job application
Teachers
Doctors or Nurses

10. What are the 4 characteristics of the State
State- a body of people, living, in a defined territory, organized w/ a government, & w/ power to make & enforce law w/out the consent of any higher authority
Can be used interchangeably w/ country, but not necessarily a country
Each have 4 characteristics
Population
Territory
Sovereignty
Government

11. Population
How large must the population be in order for a place to be called a state?
No size necessary, just a group of people

12. Territory
Must have territory with known and recognized boundaries

13. Sovereignty What does sovereignty mean?
Absolute authority within its own territory
If the U.S. is democratic, how are they a sovereign state?
Federal government creates absolute laws…the Constitution

14. Government
States must be political organized by system of government & laws
What would happen if a society had a population and designated territory, but no government?

15. Vatican City Governed as absolute monarchy
The Head of State the Pope holds full legislative, executive and judicial powers
Pope elected by Cardinals
Smallest independent state in the world in population & size.
110 acres
Population 1,000 (in 2015)

16. How Do the Major Political Ideas Explain the Origin of the State

17. The Force Theory State was born of FORCE
1 person or small group took control over an area & forced all w/in it to submit to that person’s or group’s will
Examples: settlers came to U.S. forced Native Americans to obey laws, Hitler took over Europe

18. The Evolutionary Theory
The Evolutionary Theory- state developed naturally out of the early family
Heads of families became government
Claimed territories settled in, and became sovereign state

19. The Divine Right Theory
The Divine Right- God created the state & God had given those of royal birth a ‘divine right’ to rule
Monarchy in European history
Chinese, Egyptian, Aztec, & Mayan
Japanese emperor, Mikado, governed by divine right until 1945

20. Social Contract Theory
State arose out of voluntary act of free people
Humans lived in chaos, & needed to be governed
People sacrifice freedoms to be protected by the government
Developed by Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, James Harrington, & Jean Jacques Rousseau

21. Social Contract Theory
“During the time men live without a common power to keep them all in awe, they are in that conditions called war; and such a war, as if of every man, against every man.”- Hobbes
“The obligation of subjects to the sovereign is understood to last as long, and no longer, than the power lasteth by which he is able to protect them.”- Hobbes

22. Social Contract Theory
“The social pact, far from destroying natural equality, substitutes, on the contrary, a moral and lawful equality for whatever physical inequality that nature may have imposed on mankind; so that however unequal in strength and intelligence, men become equal by covenant and by right.” - Jean- Jacques Rousseau

23. What is the Purpose of Gov.?
There are 6 purposes of government listed in the Preamble of the U.S. Constitution.
List all 6 in your notes, and leave space under each purpose to take further notes.

24. The Purpose of Government
Link people closely together. Strength in unity.
Reasonable, impartial, and fair.
Keep peace at home.
Defend nation & people against foreign enemy.
Protect citizens quality of life.
Relative liberty: people can’t do anything they want, it may infringe on other liberty.