1. INTERNAL COMMANDS CLS(Clear Screen):-
Purpose :- The purpose of this command is to clear the display screen and redisplay the DOS prompt at the upper left corner of the screen. The major application of CLS command is to remove unwanted clutter from the display screen or to start DOS command Prompt at the top of the screen.
Syntax :-
X:\>CLS ; where X is either A or B or C Drive

2. 2. DIR (Directory):- Purpose :- It displays the list of directories and files on the screen. Directory :- storing groups of files in different directories makes it easy to find files. It is similar to a house in a colony. It is created by an user. Directory can be divided into 3 types :- (a) Current Directory :- it is the directory in which user is working. (b) Sub-directory :- it is directory within another directory .

3. © Root directory :- it is the starting point from where all other directories branch out. It is represented by a backslash (\) . It is also called parent directory . File :- it is a primary unit of storage on the computer. A file is a collection of text or data stored on a storage device such as floppy disk/ hard disk . Syntax :- C:\>DIR/wild card

4. 3. DATE :- Purpose :- it displays the current system’s date
3. DATE :- Purpose :- it displays the current system’s date. Syntax :- C:\>DATE

5. 4. TIME :- Purpose :- It displays the current system’s time
4. TIME :- Purpose :- It displays the current system’s time. Syntax :- C:\> TIME

6. 5. VER (Version) :- Purpose :- it displays the version of DOS being used currently. Syntax :- C:\>VER ; will display the message : MS-DOS Version 6.20

7. 6. COPY CON :-Purpose :- it is to create a file
6. COPY CON :-Purpose :- it is to create a file. The file created by this command can not be modified. If user will try to modify the contents of the file using Copy Con, it will display a message “File already exists. Overwrite it (Y/N)?” Syntax :- C:\>COPY CON Filename

8. 7. TYPE :- Purpose :- The main purpose is to view the contents of standard text. This only displays the information in the file. There are 3 purposes to use type command as :- (a) To display the contents of a file using scrolling (b) To display the contents of a file by freezing © To print the contents of a file on printer . Syntax :- C:\>TYPE filename.extension

9. 8. REN (Rename):- Purpose :- It is to rename an old filename with new filename. Syntax :- C:\>REN Old filename New filename

10. 9. DEL(Delete) :- Purpose :- The purpose is to delete a single file
9. DEL(Delete) :- Purpose :- The purpose is to delete a single file. Confirm about the deletion of file before pressing enter key. Also user can delete multiple files by using this command along with wildcards . Syntax :- C:\>Del filename.extension

11. 10. MD(Make Directory) :- Purpose :- To create a new directory/ subdirectory. Syntax :-C:\>MD\directory name C:\>MD subdirectory name

12. 11. COPY :-Purpose :- (1) Copy one or more specified files to another disk with the same file name, date and time information . (2) Copy one or more specified files to the same or to another disk with a different filename. (3) copy one or more specified files to the same or another disk with the current system date & time.

13. (4) to combine two or more files into a single file
(4) to combine two or more files into a single file. Syntax :- C:\>COPY source path target path

14. 12. PATH:-Purpose :-to provide access to files located in other directory paths or other disk. User can access only those files that have extension .EXE, .COM, .BAT .By setting the path to these executable files user can execute them anywhere.
Syntax :-
C:\>PATH = Drive name: \directory name ;

15. If user wants to set path to the Multiple directories, then follow the procedure by using semicolon (;) as C:\>PATH = drive1:\dir1; drive2:\dir2; (b) To see the path :- if user want to see that to which directory path has been set, the syntax is C:\>PATH , it will display the path set by user as PATH= A:\WS;C:\DOS;C:\TC;

16. © To remove the Path :- Syntax :- C:\>PATH;

17. 13. RD (Remove directory):- Purpose :-to remove a directory/subdirectory. If user wants to remove a directory/subdirectory , then first delete all the files and subdirectories in it. Syntax :-C:\>RD Root directory(in case of root directory) Syntax :-C:\>RD subdirectory(in case of subdirectory)

18. 15. LABEL :- Purpose :- This comm
15.LABEL :- Purpose :- This comm. is used to view or change the label of the computer disk drives. A volume label may consist of up to eleven characters.

19. 16.VOL (Volume):- Purpose :-It displays the disk volume label and serial number, if they exist for the drive specified. If no drive is specified it displays for the active drive. Syntax:- VOL [drive:]