1. Valerie Schmitt, ILO DWT Bangkok Jakarta, 5 December 2012
Implementing Social Protection Floors through the establishment of Single Window Services
Valerie Schmitt, ILO DWT Bangkok
Jakarta, 5 December 2012

2. Structure of the presentation
What is the social protection floor
What is the situation in Indonesia
Some findings of the assessment exercise & justification of SWS
The Single Window Service

3. The social protection floor
Level of protection
For informal sector workers:
SP programs are scattered, sometimes overlapping, inclusion/exclusion errors
Some target only the poorest, leaving the rest of informal sector workers uncovered
In a few countries (e.g. Thailand) universal schemes (UCS, old age allowance) ??
Poor
Rest of informal sector
Formal sector
Population

4. The social protection floor
Level of protection
All residents should enjoy at least a minimum level of social security
Member states of the ILO should establish social protection floors as a fundamental element of their social security systems
Nationally defined social protection floor
Poor
Rest of informal sector
Formal sector
Population

5. The social protection floor
Level of protection
Based on this floor, extend social security to provide progressively higher levels of SP benefits to more people
Higher levels of social security to more people
Nationally defined social protection floor
Poor
Rest of informal sector
Formal sector
Population

6. This approach was adopted in national social protection strategies
Source: NSPS-PV of Cambodia, 2011

7. And endorsed by the ILC in June 2012 with the adoption of the SPF Recommendation (No 202)
101st ILC
14 June 2012
456 yes votes
1 absention
The recommendation 202 is a useful guidance for member states who wish to establish/maintain SPFs as part of their national social security systems

8. In a country with a Social protection floor, four guarantees:
All residents have access to essential health care 
All children enjoy income security through transfers in cash or kind  access to nutrition, education and care 
All those in active age groups who cannot earn sufficient income enjoy a basic income security (particularly in case of sickness, unemployment, maternity, disability) 
All residents in old age and with disabilities have income security through pensions or transfers in kind

9. Nationally defined Social Protection Floors
Not a one size fits all approach : each country defines the levels of benefits that it can/is willing to provide
Each country also decides how to do it – through universal schemes, targeted social assistance, social insurance, a combination…

10. Towards a virtuous cycle
Social protection
Household consumption
Poverty and inequality
Education & training
Health
Child well being
Livelihoods and productive investments
Labour
Human capital
Physical capital
Labour productivity
Economic performance
Demand for goods and services
Increased Wages, income
Increased financing 1. 2. 3. 4.
Direct effects
Behavioral effects 5.
Source: Maastricht School of Governance

11. This virtuous cycle is in line with the productivist model of Asia, which sees social protection as a means towards the achievement of economic progress

12. Structure of the presentation
What is the social protection floor
What is the situation in Indonesia
Some findings of the assessment exercise & justification of SWS
The Single Window Service

13. The social protection situation in Indonesia
Population
Level of protection
Formal sector employees (JAMSOSTEK)
Civil servants (ASKES, ASABRI, TASPEN)
Jampersal
Jamsostek LHK- Askesos
Raskin, KUR, PNPM
Jamkesmas/Jamkesda
PKH/PKSA/BOS/Scholarships
JSPACA, JSLU
Poor
Rest informal sector
Formal sector
Relative comprehensive social security for formal sector workers
Scattered programs for the poor
Not much for non-poor informal sector

14. Recent developments: SJSN & BPJS 1
SJSN & BPJS 1: Extend social health protection coverage through non-contributory and contributory schemes to all population
Population
Level of protection
Formal sector employees (JAMSOSTEK)
Civil servants (ASKES, ASABRI, TASPEN)
Jampersal
Jamsostek LHK- Askesos
Raskin, KUR, PNPM
Jamkesmas/Jamkesda
PKH/PKSA/BOS/Scholarships
JSPACA, JSLU
Poor
Rest informal sector
Formal sector
Population covered:
Askes (7%)
Jamsostek, in-house,… (6%)
Jamsostek LHK (<1%)
Jamkesmas (32%)
Jamkesda (13%)
Jampersal (60%)

15. Recent developments: SJSN & BPJS 2
Population
Level of protection
Formal sector employees (JAMSOSTEK)
Civil servants (ASKES, ASABRI, TASPEN)
Jampersal
Jamsostek LHK- Askesos
Raskin, KUR, PNPM
Jamkesmas/Jamkesda
PKH/PKSA/BOS/Scholarships
JSPACA, JSLU
Poor
Rest informal sector
Formal sector
SJSN & BPJS 2: Extend death, work injury and old age benefits to all population particularly the informal sector workers

16. Recent developments: expansion of anti poverty programs and coherence
Population
Level of protection
Formal sector employees (JAMSOSTEK)
Civil servants (ASKES, ASABRI, TASPEN)
Jampersal
Jamsostek LHK- Askesos
Raskin, KUR, PNPM
Jamkesmas/Jamkesda
PKH/PKSA/BOS/Scholarships
JSPACA, JSLU
Poor
Rest informal sector
Formal sector
Antipoverty programs: progressive expansion since 2010 in the framework of medium term development plan; consolidated database for all antipoverty programs

17. Structure of the presentation
What is the social protection floor
What is the situation in Indonesia
Some findings of the assessment exercise & justification of SWS
The Single Window Service

18. Some of the findings of the assessment exercise
Existing social security schemes (Jamsostek LHK, Askesos) have difficulties to reach out informal economy workers
Affordability of premiums
Lack of information and guidance
Low accessibility
PT Askes BPJS-I and Jamsostek in charge of BPJS- I and II will face similar challenge

19. Some of the findings of the assessment exercise
A number of programmes face data limitations and targeting issues
Major breakthrough: unified database for potential beneficiaries (PPLS 2011 dataset managed by TNP2K)
Questions: Will the database be detailed enough to be used by all social programmes? Will the frequency of updates capture the dynamics of socioeconomic conditions in Indonesia?

20. Some of the findings of the assessment exercise
Lack of coordination leading to inefficiencies
Programmes targeting the same groups of recipients have different delivery channels (Jamkesmas/Jamkesda) or double targeting system (PKH and Scholarship for the poor)
Lack of information sharing vertically (between central and provincial/district levels) and horizontally (across ministries and departments)

21. Some of the findings of the assessment exercise
Need for better combination of social protection provisions and employment services to increase employability of workers and contribute to graduation out of poverty
Examples:
Access to public works and health care
Access to training and child care
Income transfers and access to health and education
Youth guarantees including access to training and apprenticeship programmes

22. Some of the findings of the assessment exercise
Subnational level (district level) has more and more responsibility for the delivery of social protection and employment services
However the capacities are in many cases week
Need to empower the subnational level in providing social services and monitoring access

23. Structure of the presentation
What is the social protection floor
What is the situation in Indonesia
Some findings of the assessment exercise & justification of SWS
The Single Window Service

24. The Single Window Service

26. Five key functions of the SWS
Cover more people through adapted mechanisms at sub national level
Increase efficiencies of existing programmes (sharing administration)
Create and update databases to monitor extension and assess impact
Provide a combination of employment and social protection programs to increase opportunities for people
Empower the sub national level (districts, communes) in providing social services

27. The Single Window Service: a database of beneficiaries which is updated regularly
PROVINCE/ NATIONAL
MoI or Planning officers monitor extension of coverage. Health / SS / Education officers prepare information tools on existing programs
DISTRICT
Health / SS / Education officers process applications and issue membership cards
MoI or Planning officers consolidate district database of beneficiaries
Database of members
Commune officers promote existing schemes, facilitate applications, collect contributions if any, deliver the membership cards, update commune databases of beneficiaries
COMMUNE DB DB
VILLAGE
Village committees identify potential beneficiaries (targeted programs), explain about social protection and employment programs and registration process

28. The SWS around the world
Pakistan: Benazir income support program
China: Community services integrating SP and Employment services
Delhi: Samajik Suvidha Sangam; NGOs, Single registration & MIS
Brazil: Bolsa Familia: performance based contracts, federal bank, cadastro unico
Bangalore: LabourNet
SMS to propose jobs
Linkages SP/access to employment
In New Delhi = public private community partnership for urban poor centred on women where NGOs are hired to register beneficiaries and deliver a biometric smart card to enable them access 45 social services; a single information system ensures coordination between all the programs.
In Brazil the Bolsa Familia program has established an integrated database (“cadastro unico”) which is managed by a federal bank; at the decentralized level beneficiaries can access cash transfers through a broad network of 2,000 agencies and 9,000 lottery points in all municipalities. The subsidies allocated to each municipality are based on their level of performance.
The programme Chile Solidario provides long-term psychosocial support to families who are followed by a case manager during 24 months. This enables the provision of adapted combination of social protection and employment related services to these families.
The LabourNet program in Bangalore, India is an independent social enterprise working in coordination with the Government and development partners. It provides a combination of social protection programs (health insurance, crèches for children) and employment services (trainings, job placement…) to the final beneficiaries; employers are sending job offers to LabourNet’s call center which in turn contacts registered workers by sending SMS to them. Workers can also through LabourNet undertake training, open a bank account and access micro-credit programs. The business model of LabourNet allows the scheme to collect registration fees for workers and employers, and to levy transaction fees on all job placements.
In China the social security and employment services are integrated at decentralized level through the 190,000 “community services” (1 every 3 km) which offer access to all the available social protection schemes as well as job placement services and skills development programs. A National Social Insurance Platform is also in place including a common database system accessible through the Internet. Employers and workers can pay their contributions through the internet. The social security system is linked with the banking system (Bank of China) which facilitates the payment of contributions and benefits. All insured have smart cards which facilitates their identification and their access to services.
Chile solidario: case management
South African Social Security Agency (SASSA):
Mobile one stop shop
New Zealand: community link centers

29. Is the SWS relevant for the future of social security in ASEAN?
Was endorsed as the implementation mechanism of the NSPS in Cambodia
Growing interest in Indonesia for anti poverty programs and extension of coverage in the framework of BPJS1 and 2
Design studies in the two countries
Workshop in May 2013, Bangkok leading to a consolidated publication with articles/country

30. Readings…
RECOMMENDATION ON NATIONAL FLOORS OF SOCIAL PROTECTION (202)
FACTSHEET on the SWS