1. Early Modern China
The Qing Dynasty,
( )

2. 1644 - Manchu Invasion Li Zicheng sacked Beijing
Last Ming Emperor hanged himself
Wu Sangui - Chinese border general decided Manchus are lesser of two evils
Manchus defeat Li, declare Qing Empire

3. Structure of the Qing State
Six ministries:
War, Rites, Revenue, Justice, Personnel, Public Works
Provincial Governors responsible for full province affairs
District Magistrates
Lowest Central gov't appointees
Manage the affairs of 40,000 to 250,000 people (in 1800，only 1600 magistrates in China)

4. Qing Social Structure 4・level social order (Moral Economy)
Examination System

5. Qing Economy Most people farmers Taxes in-kind on land holdings
Trade volume increased
money economy
Publishing
Cloth-making
Banking
Government monopoly salt & iron trades
By chong qing shi wei sheng ju 重庆市卫生局编 [No restrictions], via Wikimedia Commons