1. “Still Life With Apples”
Acids and Bases
Paul Cezanne,
“Still Life With Apples”
1890

2. Definitions Bronsted-Lowry: Arrhenius: Acids donate protons (H+)
Bases accept protons (H+)
Arrhenius:
Acids produce hydronium in water (H3O+)
Bases produce hydroxide in water (OH-)

3. Properties of acids and bases
Property
Acids
Bases
Product in water
H3O+
OH-
Protons?
Donor
Acceptor
Taste
Sour
Bitter
Feel
Normal Wet
Slippery
Rxn with Metals
Produce H2
No Reaction
Rxn with Litmus
Red
Blue
Rxn with Phenolphthalein
Colorless
Pink
Electrical Conductivity
Conducts Elec

4. What is the conjugate base? What is the conjugate acid?
What is the acid?
HNO3(aq) + NH3(aq) → NO3-(aq) + NH4+(aq) PO43- + CH3COOH → HPO42- + CH3COO- H2O + NH4+ → H3O+ + NH3
What is the base?
What is the conjugate base?
What is the conjugate acid?

5. Strong vs. Weak
Strong acids and bases ionize or dissociate completely (100%)
Ex: HCl + H2O → H3O+ + Cl-
NaOH → Na+ + OH-
(all of the acid and base become products)
Weak acids and bases ionize or dissociate only partially (<100%). They reach equilibrium.
Ex: HNO2 + H2O ↔ H3O+ + NO2-
NH3 + H2O ↔ NH OH-
(only some of the acid and base become products)

6. Strong Acids HCl: hydrochloric acid HBr: hydrobromic acid
HI: hydroiodic acid
HNO3: nitric acid
H2SO4: sulfuric acid
HClO4: perchloric acid
NOTE: HF and H3PO4 are not strong acids!
Hydrogen Halides
Oxyacids

7. Strong bases LiOH Sr(OH)2 NaOH Ba(OH)2 KOH RbOH CsOH
Alkaline Earth Metals with OH-
Alkali Metals with OH-

8. How many protons? Look at these three acids:
HCl
H2SO4
H3PO4
Which of the acids can give away the most protons (H+)?
H3PO4! Since it can give away 3 protons, it is called a “triprotic acid.”
Which acid do you think is monoprotic?
HCl because it can only give away 1 proton.
Which acid do you think is diprotic?

9. How many protons?
Acids that can give away more than one proton are called polyprotic.
Acids that can give away only one proton are called monoprotic.