1. PROJECT WORK PRESENTATION
WELCOME
TO MY
PROJECT WORK PRESENTATION

2. TITLE OF MY PROJECT WORK
Studies on the sole bonding system of Micro Cellular Rubber (MCR) soling materials with different types of upper materials

3. DEDICATED TO
MY BELOVED
PARENTS

4. AIM OF MY PROJECT WORK
To analyze the sole bonding of MCR sole.
To find out the market value of MCR soling materials with different types of upper materials.
To make a quality footwear.
The project work also has the following objectives:
May cause little awareness to the footwear export related people.
To give a rough idea about which upper material is the most suitable for bonding with MCR sole.
Find out the weakness and potential of my project > It may be made an effort to find the problem related to the manufacturing of footwear and their remedies.

5. INTRODUCTION
Over the last 40 years there has been a major change in soling materials used in the Footwear trade. Leather has been the traditional soling material for Footwear. But in 1980 only about 5% of shoes have leather soles. Nowadays most soles are made of rubber or plastics which are classed as synthetic soling materials. So new types of soling needs new types of adhesion method or technique with different types of upper materials.
The scientific study of adhesion, Zygology is new and scarcely known. It is the science of joining things which includes the study of adhesion and welding, riveting and all forms of mechanical jointing. It includes the principle of –
Specific adhesion:
Bonded to the material by chemical action.
Gives chemical bond between the adhesive and the surfaces .
Mechanical adhesion:
Gives physical bond which the adhesive ‘keys’ in to the fibers or structures of the material to be bonded.

6. SOLE Properties of an ideal soling material: Processing needs:
Low cost raw materials.
Cheap to process.
Easy to mould with good definition.
Form strong bonds with conventional adhesives.
Can be recycled
Wearing needs:
Low density (light weight for comfort)
High elasticity (Soles must not spread especially in hot conditions)
High resilience (for energy return)
High flexibility (for comfort in walking)
Good flex crack resistance, especially in cold condition
Good wet and dry slip resistance (for safety)
Good abrasion (wear) resistance.
Good water resistance (for comfort)
Good rest resistance.
Good cushioning ability (for comfort)
Good shock absorption (to protect wearer from injury)
Good ageing resistance.
Good appearance.

7. TYPES OF SOLING MATERIALS
Leather
Leather board
Resin rubber
Vulcanized rubber-solid -cellular
Crepe rubber
Micro Cellular Rubber (MCR)
Thermoplastic Rubber (TR)-1.Solid , 2.Cellular
PVC (Solid, Cellular, Blends)
PU reaction moulded-1 Cellular, 2. Solid
Thermoplastic PU-1.Solid, 2.Cellular
EVA (Cross-linked)
EVA (Thermoplastic)
Nylon (PA)
Polyester, solid, units
Polycarbonate.
Hytrel (EEC thermoplastic Elastomer)

8. SOLING MATERIALS USED IN FOOTWEAR INDUSTRIES
Vulcanized rubber
28%

9. MICRO CELLUAR RUBBER (MCR)
An extremely lightweight material.
It produces nitrogen gas when it is compounding
It has a close cell structure
Tire like smell
May have bevel edges
On industrial footwear may be mark "heat shrink“
It has low density
It found as a sheet
It used mainly in sandals & sponge
A similar compound to solid rubber but with a blowing agent added
Have good cushioning effect

10. SOLE PREPARATION FOR MCR
Name of Soling Materials
Roughing/Scouring
Chemical Primer
Time:Priming-Adhe. Applying
Types of Adhesive
Time:Adhe. Apply-Heat Reactivation
Temp.of Heat Reactivation
Sole Pressing Time & Pressure
MCR
Scour
Lacsol wipe
Neoprene
30 mins.for dyeing adhe.
Neoprene :75-80
Press after reactivation 13se
Halogenation primer
Mini 5mins. PU ”
PU : 85-90

11. ADHESIVE
These are materials used for attaching by means of an adhesive. Shoe uppers, soles, toe puff etc. are a few examples for adherend or susbstrates.

12. CLASIFICATION OF ADHESIVE

13. TYPES OF BOND FAILURE

14. CONCLUSION
In my project-I found the standard value of Micro Cellular Rubber(MCR) sole bonding is 3N/cm under the standard pressure.
I have experimented on different types of leather at laboratory in Bangladesh College of Leather Technology.
Semi aniline and aniline finish leather specimens is nearer to this standard value (3N/cm ). So, this type of bonding method of upper material & sole (Roughing & Lacsol Wipe) is good for MCR sole bonding.
I found that when Polychloprene and PU adhesive are used then all the soling materials adhere with the leather more strongly than PVC coated fabrics.
It should be carried in mind that satisfactory result is only achievable when the standard bonding method is followed.

15. THANKS TO ALL