1. OTHER WAYS OF REPRODUCTION BESIDES SEEDS
By: The green botanists
Javier
Nicklas
Dana
Rafhanah
Sue-Ann

2. Underground Stems and roots
Ways of Reproduction
Stem cutting
Shoots and suckers
Underground Stems and roots
Spores

3. SPORES

4. spores! Some plants do not produce flowers or seeds.
Plants such as ferns and mosses are called non-flowering plants and produce spores instead of seeds.
Spores are microscopic specks of living material.
Ferns produce their spores on the undersides of the leaves called fronds.
The fronds form brown spots on the undersides of the leaves.
If you use a microscope to look at the spores, you can see that the spores are in a variety of shapes and are unique to each kind of fern.

5. PLANTS THAT REPRODUCE BY SPORES FERNS MOSS ALGAE
3 PLANTS WHICH REPRODUCE BY SPORES ARE:
FERNS MOSS ALGAE
WE DID NOT ADD IN MUSHROOM AS IT IS A FUNGI.

6. SHOOTS AND SUCKERS

7. Shoots & suckers of plants
In Botany, a 'sucker' is a plant growing not from a seed but developed of a meristem from the root at the base or at a certain distance of a tree or shrub.
This is a phenomenon of natural asexual spread, also known in plants as vegetative.
It is a plant propagation strategy and the complex of individuals formed by a mother plant and all its clones produced form a single genetic individual, a genet.
The plant suckers are clones from the mother plant. The plant will be a genome identical to that which it arose.
Many species form new plants from basal shoot as Canada thistle, cherry, Apple, Ligustrum, Hazel, Tree of Heaven and guava. 

8. Shoots & suckers of plants
A shoot or cane grows from a bud at the base of a tree or shrub or from its roots.
A plant that produces suckers is referred to as surculose.
Root suckers may emerge some distance from the originating plant. Suckers also may arise from the stumps of trees that have been cut down.

9. STEM CUTTINGS

10. Stem Cuttings What plants reproduce by stem cuttings? Geraniums Basil
Rose
Daffodils Geraniums
Dandelions
Orchid
Rosemary
Geraniums
Daffodils
Rosemary

11. Stem cuttings
The process of removing a plant part then having that part grow into a genetically exact replica of the original plant is called cutting propagation.
It is a plant cloning technique.
Plants can be propagated from root, leaf or stem cuttings. When propagating plants by cuttings, it is important to remember that the cutting is a living plant part that has been separated from its life support system.
Cutting propagation is often the preferred method for plant propagation because it is the easiest and most cost effective way to produce a clone of a particular parent plant.
Other methods that are more difficult or more expensive may exist but are often not chosen.

12. Here is a video of how to grow a rose by stem cutting

13. How To Grow A Plant By Stem Cutting?
Step 1 : Get a stem from a healthy plant which has just bloomed. It should be the size of a pencil, or slightly longer.
Step 3 : Cut your stem into 6 to 10 inches pieces and cut away 1 inch of the outside of the stem which will leave an opening for the roots.
Step 5 : Lightly press the stem into the hole in the soil. there must be no air pockets.
Step 7 : They don’t have roots yet , so they take in moisture through the stem. Use a moisture barrier, place them in it(creating a greenhouse effect). Water the plants 2 to 3 times a day with a spray bottle. Make sure that the soil remains moist at all times but not too wet!
Step 2 : Fill a pot with soil. Water it thoroughly and allow water to drain. Use a pencil to make a hole in the soil for your cuttings.
Step 4: Dip the bottom of stem into water, tap off any excess water and dip into rooting hormone as it helps speed up the process of growing roots.

14. UNDERGROUND ROOTS AND STEMS

15. Underground roots and stems consist of:
potato
tapioca

17. FOR NICKLAS TEMBASU TREE
PHOTO WE TOOK AT THE BOTANICAL GARDENS. THIS IS THE HERITAGE TREE – THE TEMBUSU TREE.

18. THANK YOU FOR YOUR KIND ATTENTION