1. Super Cilia
By Jonathan Klotz

2. This Superhero Comes in more than One Type: Cilia Classification
Two major types of cilia: motile and immotile
Motile Cilia:
Found in large eukaryotic organisms such as mammals
Occur on cells in large groups
Move in unison to complete a task
For Example, motile cilia are found on the cells that for the human trachea. These cilia move in unison to collect dirt and dust and clean the trachea

3. Cilia Classification (cont.)
Immotile Cilia
Usually occur one per cell
Often connects one cell or group of cells to another
Has many other specialized uses

4. Anatomy of a Superhero: Structure of Cilia
Have a microtubule-based cytoskeleton
Microtubules are arranged in a 2-9 configuration
Outer Microtubules are doublets (see diagram)
Dynein arms are on either side of all of the doublets
The Dynein arms contain motor proteins which facilitate movement
Microtubules provide support for the structure
Radial Spokes connect the outer microtubules to the inner microtubules
Nexins and a Spoke system connects microtubules
Plasma membrane surrounds cilia and provides boundaries

5. A Superhero’s Job: Function of Cilia
To help the cell complete its specified task
To connect the cell to other cells or groups of cells
The cilia is to the cell as the arms and legs are to the human body because cilia’s job is to interact with the outside environment

6. The Hero In Action: Under a Microscope Microtubule Central Bridge
Plasma
Membrane
Motile cilia in a human lung

7. Cilia Diagram
Microtubule
Doublet
Radial Spoke
Dynein Arms

8. Bibliography
Biology: Concepts and Connections 6e, Campbell, Mitchell & Reece