1. Warm Up
Who is this?

2. Warm Up
Who is this?

3. Conference Night Tonight.
Lots still to do this week.
Grades are in.
Quiz moved to Monday.
Picture Day Thursday.
Progress Reports (HR)

4. “Why I want to serve on the BMS Student Panel”
All interested participants should write a 1-page essay and turn it into me by September 29th.
The essay topic is:
“Why I want to serve on the BMS Student Panel”

5. SS7G6:Environmental Issues in SW Asia
Water in the Middle East…
More precious than oil?

6. Important!
Much of the Middle East is extremely dry, with large deserts. Fresh water sources are in demand to provide for regional agriculture, growing urban populations, industry, recreation, and electricity.

7. Important!
This has led to disputes about water usage between various countries in the region, and within the population of individual countries.

8. Essential Questions:
How has the water supply in the Middle East influenced the lives of the people?
How does it affect where people live?
How does water pollution IMPACT drinking water?
How does water scarcity impact irrigation and the lives of farmers?

9. Vocabulary Pollution: Unclean environment
Unequal Distribution: uneven amounts
Irrigation: Bring water to an area

10. Vocabulary Scarce: not enough of something
Desalination: the process of removing salt, especially from sea water so that it can be used for drinking or irrigation

11. Problems with water in the Middle East
Water Pollution:
Found in high amounts across SW Asia
Most nations are “developing countries” in which pollution is more problematic
Causes multiple deaths in regions

12. Statistics: Population v. Freshwater:
SW Asia has 5% of the total WORLD’S population
SW Asia only has less than 1% of the world’s freshwater
Populations in SW Asia have lower consumption rates of water than other regions

13. Where is the water? SW Asia obtains freshwater from sources such as:
Tigris River
Euphrates River
Jordan River
Nile River (in Africa)

14. Where is the water?
Conflicts occur in SW Asia due to freshwater usage:
Turkey, Syria, and Iraq are fighting for water in the Tigris-Euphrates Rivers
Israel, Jordan, and the Palestinians are fighting for water in the Jordan River

15. When resources are scarce, or rare, people often compete for them.
Everybody in SW Asia needs to be able to use the water, but there is only a limited amount
Most cities/towns are located on or near a water source…why?

16. This is a satellite image of SW Asia.
What colors do you see a lot in this image?
You see a lot of tan, brown, and gray because SW Asia is largely desert.
By definition, a desert has very little what?
Deserts have very little water.
How are people able to grow crops in a desert?

17. How does water scarcity impact farming?
Many people in the Middle East practice subsistence agriculture, which is growing small amounts of crops, to take care of local needs.

18. How does water scarcity impact farming?
Because the climate is so dry, agriculture nearly always depends on irrigation, directing water from small rivers and streams to the farmers’ fields.

19. How does water scarcity impact farming?
There is some commercial agriculture (growing crops for industrial markets), but even that is limited by lack of water.

20. How does water scarcity impact farming?
Farmers in very rural areas still use methods used by their ancestors to irrigate their fields, including water wheels, irrigation ditches and canals, and animal power to lift water from underground wells.

21. How does water scarcity impact farming?
Farmers in countries with more technology use modern irrigation techniques.

22. How does water scarcity impact farming?
Israel and Saudi Arabia have developed systems of drip irrigation using computers that measure out how much water each plant receives.

23. These fields are round because that is where the sprinklers go.
Since water is scarce, they have to use irrigation to grow food.
Water is pumped from the few rivers and lakes in the region to irrigation systems that water food crops.
Communities formed near water sources like rivers, lakes, and oases.
The water from these rivers and lakes is critical for the survival of a country.

24. How do water pollution and the unequal distribution of water impact irrigation and drinking water?

25. Water pollution, especially in an already scarce region such as the Middle East, can make it very difficult for citizens to get the water that they need to live.
Pollution upstream can negatively impact the health and way of life for neighbors downstream.

26. Unequal distribution of water (such as our Turkey/Syria/Iraq example) can “cheat” countries downstream out of water when the country that holds the source of a major river uses more than their fair share.

27. Irrigation canals can help the country in which they are built by bringing water to dry farmland, but they can keep countries downstream from even having enough drinking water.

28. Solutions to water issues…

29. Desalination
Desalination: the process of removing salt and other chemicals from seawater
However, this is not very practical because it is very expensive and requires advanced technology

30. Cooperation
Cooperation among countries sharing freshwater

31. Dams
Dams
However, the downside is dams can be beneficial to countries upstream but deprive countries downstream of water they need!

32. More controversy…
When one country controls the source (of the water), they essentially control how much water will actually leave their country and continue flowing on to neighboring nations.

33. Brewing conflicts…
Iran is creating a new $88 million pipeline to carry more water to their capital city of Tehran.

34. Iraq is digging new irrigation canals to bring more water to Baghdad.
Brewing conflicts…
Iraq is digging new irrigation canals to bring more water to Baghdad.

36. Water in Crisis – Middle East give a detailed overview of issues surrounding access to water and pollution in the Middle East