1. Evaluation of the Face and Related Structures

2. Anatomy Review-Face Bones
Frontal, maxillary, nasal, zygomatic, temporal, mandible

3. Anatomy Review-Ear External Ear Middle Ear Inner Ear
Pinna, external auditory meatus
Middle Ear
Tympanic membrane
Ossicles
Eustachian tubes
Inner Ear
Cochlea
Semicircular canals
Vestibulocochlear nerve

4. Anatomy Review-Ear

5. Anatomy Review-Nose Nasal, frontal, maxillary, vomer, ethmoid bones
Nasal septum
Nasal cartilage
Hard and Soft palates
Nostrils
Choanae
Pharynx
Trachea

6. Anatomy Review-Throat
Larynx
Thyroid cartilage
Trachea
Hyoid bone

7. Anatomy Review-Mouth & Teeth
Lips
Oral vestibule
Oral cavity
Tongue
Papillae
Taste buds
Lingual frenulum

9. Anatomy Review-Teeth Teeth Type Structures Incisors Cupsids Bicuspids
Molars
Structures
Root
Neck
Crown
Cementum and periodontal ligaments
Gums
Dentin
Enamel
Pulp

11. Anatomy Review-Muscles
Mastication
Facial Expression

12. History Location Onset MOI Other Symptoms
Facial injuries are usually acute
MOI
Direct trauma
Other Symptoms
Illness, allergies

13. Inspection-Ear Auricle Contusion, laceration, avulsion Inflammation
Tympanic membrane
Periauricular area
Battle’s sign-skull fx

14. Inspection-Nose Alignment Epistaxis Septum and mucosa Eyes and face
Raccoon eyes-nasal fx

15. Inspection-Throat
Respiration
Thyroid cartilage

16. Inspection-Face and Jaw
Bleeding
Ecchymosis
Symmetry
Muscle tone

17. Inspection-Oral Cavity
Lips
Teeth
Tongue
Lingual frenulum
Gums

18. Palpation Nasal bone Nasal cartilage Zygoma Maxilla TMJ
Periauricular area
External ear
Teeth
Mandible
Hyoid bone
Cartilages

19. Special Tests-Functional
Ear
Hearing
Balance
Nose
Smell
TMJ
Open and close mouth

20. Special Tests-Neurological
Cranial Nerve assessment-instruction to be provided when we discuss the head

21. Special Tests-Specific
Tongue blade test
Mandibular fracture

22. Specific Injuries to the Face
Ear
Auricular hematoma (cauliflower ear)
Tympanic membrane rupture
Otitis externa
Otitis media

23. Specific Injuries to the Face
Nose
Epistaxis
Fractures
Saddle-nose deformity
Deviated septum

24. Specific Injuries to the Face
Throat
Trauma usually results in respiratory distress

25. Specific Injuries to the Face
Facial Fractures
Mandibular
Zygoma
Maxillary
Lefort

26. Specific Injuries to the Face
Dental
Tooth fractures
Tooth luxations
Dental caries
Gingivitis
TMJ dysfunction