1. TERMINOLOGY BONY ANATOMY: Cranium: skull of the vertebrae
Nasal: pertaining to the nose
Mandible: bone of the lower jaw
Vertebra: bones or segments composing the spinal column; spinal cord passes through it
Clavicle: bone of the pectoral arch
Sternum: long flat bone forming the middle portion of the chest
Humerus: bone extending from shoulder to elbow
Radius: bone of the forearm; thumb side
Ulna: bone of the forearm; opposite thumb side
Carpals: wrist bones
Metacarpals: bones in the hand

2. 12. Phalanges: finger/toe bones
13. Ribs: curved bones that are articulated with the vertebrate; 12 in humans
14. Pelvis: bony structure connecting the spine to the femurs
15. Femur: bone in the upper leg from pelvis to knee
16. Patella: the knee cap
17. Tibia: Inner of the two lower leg bones from knee to ankle
18. Fibula: outer of the two lower leg bones from knee to ankle
19. Tarsals: ankle bone
20. Metatarsals: foot bones
21. Phalanges: Finger/toe bones
22. Scapula: Triangular bones in the back part of the shoulder

4. MUSCULAR ANATOMY:
Pectoralis Major: two muscles on each side of the upper chest
Biceps Brachii: two flexor muscles, one located in the front of the upper arm
Triceps Brachii: muscles having three heads or points of origin, muscles on back of arm
Flexors: muscles that serve to flex or bend a part of the body
Extensors: muscles that serve to extend or straighten a part of the body
Rectus Abdominus: a paired muscle running vertically on each side of the anterior wall of the abdomen
Quadriceps: large muscle in front of the thigh
Hamstrings: muscles on the backside of the leg that insert at the knee
Gastrocnemius: largest muscle in the calf of the leg
Tibialis Anterior: a muscle that originates in the upper two-thirds of the lateral surface of the tibia. It inverts the foot.

6. OTHER TERMINOLOGY:
Objective: something that one’s efforts or actions are intended to attain
Subjective: resulting from or pertaining to personal mindset or experience, arising from perceptive mental conditions
Assessment: an evaluation of the injury
Sign: a visible indication
Symptom: a perceived change in some function, sensation, or appearance of a person that indicates a disease or disorder

7. BODY POSITION:
Anterior: near the forward or front of body
Posterior: located behind or towards the rear or back
Lateral: to the side or outside of the midline of the body
Medial: pertaining to the inside or closer to the midline of the body
Superior: located above
Inferior: located below

8. Flexion: the act of bending a joint
MOTIONS:
Flexion: the act of bending a joint
Extension: the act of extending, stretching out, straightening against resistance
Abduction: the movement that separates a limb or other part from the axis or middle line of the body
Adduction: the action by which the parts of the body are drawn towards its axis
Rotation X2:
Internal Rotation: of the shoulder or hip would point the toes or the flexed forearm inwards (towards the midline)
External Rotation: it would turn the toes or the flexed forearm outwards (away from midline)
Lateral Flexion: two ball and socket joints (shoulder/hip)

9. 7. Plantarflexion: flexion of the entire foot inferiorly, as if pressing a gas pedal
8. Dorsiflexion: flexion of the entire foot superiorly, as if taking your foot off a gas pedal
9. Circumduction: the circular movement of a body part, such as ball and socket joints. It consists of a combo of flexion, extension, adduction and abduction
10. Pronation: a rotation of the forearm that moves the palm from an anterior facing position to a posterior facing position, or palm facing down
11. Supination: the rotation of the forearm so that the palm faces anteriorly, or palm up

10. Other Terms:
Intercostal
Atrophy
Radiography
MRI
Tendinitis
Polymyositis
Osteocarcinoma
Bursitis
Arthritis
Tendon
Ligament
Bursa