1. ARCTIC HEATING NOT DUE TO CO2!
1.CLOUDS
LOW DIRECT SOLAR RADIANCE
CONVECTIVE HEAT FROM TROPICS ( 2ND LAW!!)
CLOUDS TRAP THIS HEAT, AND
CLOUDS REDUCE RERADIATION OF IR TO ATMOSPHERE
2.COAL BURNING W/O SCRUBBERS
EMIT AEROSOLS AND SOOT
AEROSOLS USUALLY RELECT SUN AND LEAD TO COOLING
BUT IF COATED WITH SOOT, AEROSOLS LEAD TO HEATING
SOOT ALSO COATS ICE AND LEADS TO MELTING

2. 1.MODELS PREDICT INCREASED ACIDIFICATION
OCEAN ACIDIFICATION
1.MODELS PREDICT INCREASED ACIDIFICATION
Caldeira et al predict 0.7 drop in pH by 2003 based on estimated drop of 0.1
from pre-industrial level
2.MEASUREMENTS SUGGEST PH VARIES HISTORICALLY
Corals show past pH has been higher and lower than today
Caldeira, K. and Wickett, M.E Anthropogenic carbon and ocean pH. Nature 425: 365

3. Reconstructed pH history of the South China Sea
Reconstructed pH history of the South China Sea. Created from Table 1 of Liu et al. (2009).
Liu, Y., Liu, W., Peng, Z., Xiao, Y., Wei, G., Sun, W., He, J. Liu, G. and Chou, C.-L Instability of seawater pH in the South China Sea during the mid-late Holocene: Evidence from boron isotopic composition of corals. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 73:

4. Reconstructed pH history of Flinders Reef of the Western Coral Sea of the Southwestern Pacific. Adapted from Pelejero et al. (2005).
Pelejero, C., Calvo, E., McCulloch, M.T., Marshall, J.F., Gagan, M.K., Lough, J.M. and Opdyke, B.N Preindustrial to modern interdecadal variability in coral reef pH. Science 309:

5. Reconstructed pH history of Arlington Reef off the northeast coast of Australia.
Wei, G., McCulloch, M.T., Mortimer, G., Deng, W. and Xie, L Evidence for ocean acidification in the Great Barrier Reef of Australia. Geochimica et
Cosmochimica Acta 73: