1. 2.1 Ionic Compounds

2. ionic compounds are formed when one or more valence electrons are transferred from a metal atom to a non-metal atom
leaves the metal atom as a positive ion, or cation, and the nonmetal atom as a negative ion, or anion
two oppositely charged ions are attracted to each other by a force called an ionic bond

3. - This is an example of how and ionic bond forms in table salt

4. What happens when an ionic bond forms?

5. Draw electron dot diagrams to illustrate the formation of magnesium oxide. Write the ion ratio and the chemical formula.

6. Draw electron dot diagrams to illustrate the formation of sodium phosphide. Write the ion ratio and the chemical formula.

7. Ionic compounds are listed in there smallest formula unit
formula unit: the simplest whole-number ratio of atoms or ions of the elements in an ionic compound
In reality these ionic substances exist as crystal lattice structures

8. The crystal lattice structure of table salt.

9. Crystal Lattice Structures
anions and cations are locked in a regular structure by the balance of attractive bonds and electrical repulsion
Crystal lattices vary in structure
Takes a lot of energy to break the electrostatic attractions within a crystal lattice
A positive really tries to avoid being beside another positive and negative charges do the same
Once they are broken the lattice easily shatters

10. Properties of Ionic Compounds
solids at SATP
high melting points
hard
brittle
electrolytes

11. High Melting Point
Ionic compounds have relatively high melting points as a result of the strong electrostatic forces between their positive and negative ions. This is also explains why they largely exsits as solids.

12. Hard
They are considered hard because their bonds resist being stretched.

13. Brittle
Ionic crystals can easily be cracked or fractured. This results from repulsion when like forces encounter each other after a stress is applied.

14. What is an Electrolyte
A subtstance that forms a solution that conducts electricity
Can be weak or strong
We can measure with a conductivity meter
They are very important in biological processes

15. Electrolytes
Ionic compounds are electrolytes because when they dissolve in water they separate from the crystal into their ions. The ions are then free to move and pass along electric charge.
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