1. Osteopathy and (hatha) yoga
Torsten Liem 
Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies 
Volume 15, Issue 1, Pages (January 2011)
DOI: /j.jbmt
Copyright © 2009 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

2. Figure 1
Pashimottanasana – intensive stretching of the back (the western aspect of the body, ‘pashima’); strengthens the abdominal organs, strengthens the kidneys, improves the digestion and exerts a positive effect on the spinal column, etc. Photograph: © Karsten Franke, Hamburg.
Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies  , DOI: ( /j.jbmt )
Copyright © 2009 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

3. Figure 2
Steps in the progression from dharana (concentration) through dhyana (meditation) to samadhi. 1. Dharana: focus of the mind on an object, the breath, a part of the body, a sound, the concept of sympathy, etc. 2. Dhyana: our mind unites with the object, in the sense of establishing a continuous connection. 3. Samadhi: our mind merges with the object, becomes one. Yamas, niyamas, asanas, pranayama and pratyahara (the ability to retract and focus the senses) provide preparation for this process.
Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies  , DOI: ( /j.jbmt )
Copyright © 2009 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

4. Figure 3
Ashtavakrasana – named in honour of the wise Ashtavakra. This strengthens the arms, hands and abdominal muscles. Photo: © Kirsten Petersen, Hamburg.
Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies  , DOI: ( /j.jbmt )
Copyright © 2009 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions