1. Chapter 8 SOCIOEMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN EARLY CHILDHOOD
Lecture Prepared by: Dr. M. Sawhney

2. Topics we will visit… Emotional and Personality Development Families
The Self
Emotional Development
Moral Development
Gender
Families
Parenting
Child Maltreatment
Changing Family in a changing society

3. The Self Erikson’s Theory Initiative vs. Guilt
Curiosity to try something new
If fails in attempts leads to low self-esteem
Can be due to parental threat, criticism and punishment

4. The Self Self-concept: The view of the self in relations to others
Ideal self
Real self
General Self-Concept
Physical
Academic
Social self
Emotional

5. Developing Self-Concept
Self-understanding
Concrete observable characteristics
Focus on specific competencies
Typically positive
Comparisons with younger self
Understanding others

6. Emotional Development
Expressing Emotions:
Self-conscious emotions
Understanding emotions :
Certain things will evoke certain emotions
Able to relate facial expressions to specific emotions

7. Emotion regulation Is important for becoming socially competent
Helps make better peer relations
Depends on parents:
Emotion Coaching
Emotion dismissing

8. Moral Development
Is morality innate or learned? Reason?

9. Moral Development Moral Feelings:
Guilt
Anxiety
Moral Reasoning: Piaget observation in naturalistic setting & experimental method
Heteronomous morality (4-7 yr)
Transition period (7-10 yrs)
Autonomous morality ( 10 yrs and more)

10. Moral behavior
Reinforcement
Punishment
Imitation
Social environment

11. Gender Identity Development
Why are boys and girls different before puberty, even though till puberty they are almost same
Gender Typing: acquisition of a traditional masculine or feminine role

12. Gender Typing Gender Typing Biological Influences
Chromosome & Hormones
Evolutionary Psychology
Cognitive Influences
Social Influences
Social Theories
Parental Influences
Peer Influences

13. Social Theory Social Role Theory Psychoanalytic Theory
Cultural stereotypes about gender
Psychoanalytic Theory
Giving up oedipus & electra complex
Role identification with same parent

14. Social Theory
Social Cognitive Theory
Gender Schema Theory

15. Activity
FAMILIES
Brickwall
Backbone
Jellyfish

16. Parenting Styles Accepting, responsive Rejecting, unresponsive
Demanding, Controlling
Authoritative
Authoritarian
Undemanding, uncontrolling
Indulgent
Neglectful

17. Outcomes of Parenting Style
Authoritative
Authoritarian
Indulgent
Neglectful
High self esteem
Low self-esteem
impulsive
Low emotional regulation
Popular with peers
unfriendly
disobedient
High antisocial behavior
Low antisocial behavior
unhappy
rebellious
Early sex and drugs
High in coping skills
Low self confidence
immature
Difficulties at school
Parenting in Context

18. Corporal Punishment
Should children be spanked and what are the benefits?
Immediate Compliance
Disadvantages:
High rates of aggression
Punishment may instill fear
Physical abuse of the child:

19. Child Maltreatment
700,000 U.S. children found to be victims of abuse (U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, 2011)
Types:
Physical abuse
Child neglect
Sexual abuse:
Emotional abuse:

20. Child Maltreatment Risk factors for child maltreatment Parental Family
Community
Child
Consequences of abuse
Emotional Consequences
Adjustment Consequences
Learning Consequences

21. Changing Family Working parents Children in divorced families Outcomes
Nature of parents work
Children in divorced families
40percent of children born to married parents in the U.S. will experience parent’s divorce (Hetherington & Hagan, 2002).
Outcomes
Poorer adjustment
Show more externalized and internalized problems