1. Carbohydrates 1

2. Carbohydrates Often called sugars and starches.
Functions – energy, structural support
Carbs are made of:
C atoms
H atoms
O atoms
NOTE! Usually in a 1:2:1 ratio! 2

3. Monosaccharide Means “single sugar”
They are the monomers (building blocks) of a carbohydrate molecule.
They are the major nutrient for cells. 3

4. Examples Glucose: Sugar produced by green plants (C6H12O6)
Galactose: Found in milk
Fructose: Sweetest; found in fruit. 4

5. Disaccharide = Molecule formed by the joining of two single sugars.5

6. Polysaccharide = “Many sugars”
Living things store excess sugar in this form. Ex. Cellulose/starch – plants, Glycogen - animals

9. Sugars Contain a Great Deal of Energy!
Energy is stored in the chemical bonds.
Energy is released when the bonds are broken.

10. Dehydration Synthesis
The chemical reaction that joins monomers together by removing a molecule of water.
Dehydration = “loss of water”
Synthesis = “putting together” 10

11. Dehydration Synthesis11

12. 12

13. Hydrolysis (Condensation)
The exact opposite of Dehydration Synthesis.
A molecule of water is added to break a bond.

14. Review

15. Recap!
D.S. → starts with two separate things, ends with one, removes water
Hydrolysis → starts with one thing, ends with two, adds water