1. KANYA VIDYALAYA DEHUGAON SUB:-ICT
BY MISS.POONAM JADHAV
(ICT TEACHER)

2. Introduction to the Internet

3. What is the Internet? Internet:
Is a worldwide network of computer networks
Connects millions of computers all over the world
Is a network where computers across different locations communicate with each other
Is very popular because of its flexibility, ease of use and speed
Speed is measured in Kbps, where Kbps stands for Kilobits per second. It is a measure of data transferring speed
Explain the networking concept with an real life example. Like the network of roadways, telecommunications network
Consider a network of computers in the primary section of your school and another network of computers in the higher secondary section of your school. Assume that the two networks spread over different locations are connected together so that you can send and receive data from a computer on one network to a computer on the other network

4. The Internet as a Network
Is used in the organisations as a private network
Is used for linking offices and employees
Is used for transferring official data
Is used for conducting meetings and conferences

5. Connecting to the Internet (Contd..)

6. Types of Internet Connection
There are three different ways of connecting to the Internet. They are:
Dedicated Internet connection
Dial-up Internet connection
Broadband Internet connection

7. Dedicated Internet Connection
It helps you to gain access to the Internet directly
It allows your computer to remain connected to the Internet all the time
You do not have to dial up, as you do with a standard modem connection
It requires a leased telephone line rented from a telephone company
It is quite expensive because it requires special hardware
Helps gain access to internet directly,not through ISP.
Usually, large companies and universities have dedicated Internet connections

8. Dial-up Internet Connection
You have to purchase this type of Internet connection from an ISP
It is for a stipulated number of hours or for a specific duration
On purchase the ISP provides you with a CD that contains
A software package, a user name, and a password
Standard dial-up connections are sometimes described as narrowband.

9. Dial-up Internet Connection (Contd..)
You have to install the software on the CD to activate the connection
After installation, you can connect to the ISP by dialling the ISP’s phone number
You need a telephone line to connect to the ISP
You have to provide your user name and password when you dial the ISP’s number

10. Dial-up Internet Connection (Contd..)
The user name and password check whether you are an authorised user
While using a dial-up connection you cannot make or receive a phone call

11. Broadband Internet Connection
It allows a great amount of information to pass through a high-capacity cable
It is a high-speed permanent connection to the Internet
It uses a DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) or a cable modem to connect to the Internet
You can connect to the Internet through a standard modem, a local-area network connection in your office, a cable modem, or a Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) connection. A cable modem is a device that enables Internet connection by using the television infrastructure. DSL is a high-speed connection that uses the same wires as a regular telephone line. DSL technology transmits data over phone lines without interfering with voice service. This means that you can browse the Internet and use the telephone at the same time. It is several times faster than a standard phone modem.

12. Broadband Internet Connection (Contd..)
It can send and receive vast amounts of data up to 10 to 40 times faster than a standard dial-up connection
It uses a fibre-optic cable to transmit data at high speeds
A broadband cable is similar to a four-lane highway, whereas the conventional telephone network is similar to a narrow lane.

13. The World Wide Web
It refers to the collection of information accessible on the Internet
It is also referred to as the Web
It consists of millions and millions of pages of text, pictures, sounds and animation on various topics
These pages are called Web pages
They are stored on different computers that are connected to the Internet

14. The World Wide Web (Contd..)
Differences between Internet and World Wide Web are:

15. Web Features
Some of the services and features of the World Wide Web are :
Newsgroups
Chat Rooms
Search Engines
LISTSERV

16. E-mail It is the most commonly used Internet service
You can send and receive messages almost instantly
Several ISPs provide free accounts
You can also attach a variety of file types to a message
For example, you can attach a Microsoft Word document along with the message you send
is becoming more popular because, unlike regular mail, there is no delay and it does not require postage

17. Newsgroups They are discussion groups on the Internet
You can have discussions on a wide range of topics
Some groups are free and some need you to subscribe
You can read, write and post articles to the newsgroups
You can use to communicate with fellow users
Topics include recreational activities, scientific research, computers and social activities.
You can even post follow-up articles and check for new article groups

18. Chat Rooms
Websites that you can use to chat with other users on the Internet
Chatting refers to the exchange of typed messages between two or more users
You can logon to the chat room by using Internet Chat software
In a chat software you can type messages in one window and receive replies in another window
It is similar to a telephone conversation

19. Instant Messaging
These are small programs that allow typed conversations between two people only
Major sites, such as MSN, AOL and Yahoo! offer their own versions of Instant Messaging

20. Search Engines Are used to search for information on the Web
Searches for the keywords and returns links to relevant Web sites for you to choose from
Helps to collect information on any topic of your choice
As teachers, you can use search engines to collect information on your subject or latest trends in education
Some commonly used search engines are MSN AltaVista, Google and Infoseek
As teachers, you can use search engines to collect information on your subject or latest trends in education, or download images related to your subject to explain a topic more clearly. You can use the additional information that you download from the Web to enhance the knowledge of your students beyond the textbook coverage

21. Web Addresses or URLs
Each Web site has a unique address commonly referred to as a URL
URL stands for Uniform Resource Locator
A URL specifies the exact location of the Web page on the Internet
Certain conventions needs to be followed to name a Web Page
Analogy with house addresses
You know that each house has a unique address, which helps us to identify it. Every address has a door number, street name or number, city name and pin code. This address is used to locate a house.

22. Web Addresses or URLs (Contd..)
A typical URL would be:
scheme
host
domain
path
dataname
Analogy with house addresses
You know that each house has a unique address, which helps us to identify it. Every address has a door number, street name or number, city name and pin code. This address is used to locate a house. :
Identifies the protocol necessary to retrieve the file.
Protocol is a set of rules that enables computers to exchange information.
There are several protocols used on the WWW.
catalog/navigation.asp specifies the path of the file stored on the Web server’s hard disk
Microsoft indicates the name of the Web site
www indicates that the Web site is on the Web
.com indicates the type (in this case commercial) of the Web site

23. Web Addresses or URLs (Contd..)
The last three letters in a URL provides information about the type of organisation the Web site belongs to
URL Suffix
Represents
.co
Company
.com
Commercial organisation
.edu
Educational institution
.mil
Military site
.net
Networking organisation
.gov
Government department
.int
International organisation
.org
Non-profit organisation
.in
India
.us
United States
Analogy with house addresses
You know that each house has a unique address, which helps us to identify it. Every address has a door number, street name or number, city name and pin code. This address is used to locate a house.

24. Web Addresses or URLs (Contd..)
URL Suffix
Represents
.uk
United Kingdom
.ca
Canada
.my
Malaysia
.lk
Sri Lanka
.au
Australia
Analogy with house addresses
You know that each house has a unique address, which helps us to identify it. Every address has a door number, street name or number, city name and pin code. This address is used to locate a house.

25. THANK YOU