1. Specific heat capacity ‘c’
Why do we use water
in a hot water bottle
rather than sand
or a metal lump to
warm up a bed?

2. Specific heat capacity ‘c’
Why is our sea water
always cold in the UK,
where as the land
heats up and cools
down quickly?

3. Specific heat capacity ‘c’
The amount of energy an object can store depends on:
i) the material it’s made from
its mass
how hot it is
Specific heat capacity ‘c’ is the energy needed to increase the temperature
of 1Kg of the substance by 1 0 C Units of ‘c’ are J/kg/ 0 C
Energy transferred = mass x sp. ht. cap. x temperature change
E = m x c x θ
Degrees Celsius 0C
Joules, J
Kilograms, kg
Sp.ht.cap,
J / kg / 0 C

4. Specific heat capacity ‘c’
The amount of energy an object can store depends on:
i) the material it’s made from
its mass
how hot it is
Specific heat capacity ‘c’ is the energy needed to increase the temperature
of 1Kg of the substance by 1 0 C Units of ‘c’ are J/kg/ 0 C
Energy transferred = mass x sp. ht. cap. x temperature change
E = m x c x θ
Degrees Celsius 0C
Joules, J
Kilograms, kg
Sp.ht.cap,
J / kg / 0 C

5. Specific heat capacity ‘c’
The amount of energy an object can store depends on:
i) the material it’s made from
its mass
how hot it is
Specific heat capacity ‘c’ is the energy needed to increase the temperature
of 1Kg of the substance by 1 0 C Units of ‘c’ are J/kg/ 0 C
Energy transferred = mass x sp. ht. cap. x temperature change
E = m x c x θ
Degrees Celsius 0C
Joules, J
Kilograms, kg
Sp.ht.cap,
J / kg / 0 C

6. Specific heat capacity ‘c’
The amount of energy an object can store depends on:
i) the material it’s made from
its mass
how hot it is
Specific heat capacity ‘c’ is the energy needed to increase the temperature
of 1Kg of the substance by 1 0 C Units of ‘c’ are J/kg/ 0 C
Energy transferred = mass x sp. ht. cap. x temperature change
E = m x c x θ
Degrees Celsius 0C
Joules, J
Kilograms, kg
Sp.ht.cap,
J / kg / 0 C

7. Experiment to compare the
energy needed to raise
the temperature by 5 oC
for 1kg aluminium
and 1kg water
36 W
heater
t1 = ….
t2 = ….
1kg
t1 = ….
t2 = ….
1kg
Energy = power x time
Conclusions:
Water has a higher sp. ht. cap.
than aluminium.
Uncertainties are caused by errors
in the readings and heat loss.
Energy = power x time
E = x …. s
E = x …. s
E = …. Joules
E = …. Joules

8. Experiment to compare the
Time taken
……….. s
Time taken
……….. s
Experiment to compare the
energy needed to raise
the temperature by 5 oC
for 1kg aluminium
and 1kg water
36 W
heater
t1 = ….
t2 = ….
1kg
t1 = ….
t2 = ….
1kg
Energy = power x time
Conclusions:
Water has a higher sp. ht. cap.
than aluminium.
Uncertainties are caused by errors
in the readings and heat loss.
Energy = power x time
E = x …. s
E = x …. s
E = …. Joules
E = …. Joules

9. Experiment to compare the
Time taken
……….. s
Time taken
……….. s
Experiment to compare the
energy needed to raise
the temperature by 5 oC
for 1kg aluminium
and 1kg water
36 W
heater
t1 = ….
t2 = ….
1kg
t1 = ….
t2 = ….
1kg
Energy = power x time
Conclusions:
Water has a higher sp. ht. cap.
than aluminium.
Uncertainties are caused by errors
in the readings and heat loss.
Energy = power x time
E = x …. s
E = x …. s
E = …. Joules
E = …. Joules

10. Experiment to compare the
Time taken
……….. s
Time taken
……….. s
Experiment to compare the
energy needed to raise
the temperature by 5 oC
for 1kg aluminium
and 1kg water
36 W
heater
t1 = ….
t2 = ….
1kg
t1 = ….
t2 = ….
1kg
Energy = power x time
Conclusions:
Water has a higher sp. ht. cap.
than aluminium.
Uncertainties are caused by errors
in the readings and heat loss.
Energy = power x time
E = x …. s
E = x …. s
E = …. Joules
E = …. Joules

11. Experiment to compare the
Time taken
……….. s
Time taken
……….. s
Experiment to compare the
energy needed to raise
the temperature by 5 oC
for 1kg aluminium
and 1kg water
36 W
heater
t1 = ….
t2 = ….
1kg
t1 = ….
t2 = ….
1kg
Energy = power x time
Conclusions:
Energy = power x time
E = x …. s
E = x …. s
E = …. Joules
E = …. Joules

12. Experiment to compare the
Time taken
……….. s
Time taken
……….. s
Experiment to compare the
energy needed to raise
the temperature by 5 oC
for 1kg aluminium
and 1kg water
36 W
heater
t1 = ….
t2 = ….
1kg
t1 = ….
t2 = ….
1kg
Conclusions:
The time to heat up the Water 50C
took much longer so water has a
higher sp. ht. cap. than aluminium.
Uncertainties are caused by errors
in the readings and heat loss.
Energy = power x time
Energy = power x time
E = x …. s
E = x …. s
E = …. Joules
E = …. Joules

13. Specific heat capacity ‘c’
B grade: calculation:
Calculate the energy required to raise 2 kg of the substances below
a) Aluminium J/kg/ 0 C from room temperature at 20 0C to 80 0C’.
b) Copper J/kg/ 0 C from 0 0C to 100 0C
c) Oil J/kg/ 0 C from room temperature at 20 0C to 140 0C’.
Energy transferred = mass x sp. ht. cap. x temperature change
E = m x c x θ a)
E = x x (80 – 20)
E = x x
E = ,600 J = kJ

14. Specific heat capacity ‘c’
B grade: calculation:
Calculate the energy required to raise 2 kg of the substances below
a) Aluminium J/kg/ 0 C from room temperature at 20 0C to 80 0C’.
b) Copper J/kg/ 0 C from 0 0C to 100 0C
c) Oil J/kg/ 0 C from room temperature at 20 0C to 140 0C’.
Energy transferred = mass x sp. ht. cap. x temperature change
E = m x c x θ a)
E = x x (80 – 20)
E = x x
E = ,600 J = kJ

15. Specific heat capacity ‘c’
B grade: calculation:
Calculate the energy required to raise 2 kg of the substances below
a) Aluminium J/kg/ 0 C from room temperature at 20 0C to 80 0C’.
b) Copper J/kg/ 0 C from 0 0C to 100 0C
c) Oil J/kg/ 0 C from room temperature at 20 0C to 140 0C’.
Energy transferred = mass x sp. ht. cap. x temperature change
E = m x c x θ a)
E = x x (80 – 20)
E = x x
E = ,600 J = kJ

16. Specific heat capacity ‘c’
B grade: calculation:
Calculate the energy required to raise 2 kg of the substances below
a) Aluminium J/kg/ 0 C from room temperature at 20 0C to 80 0C’.
b) Copper J/kg/ 0 C from 0 0C to 100 0C
c) Oil J/kg/ 0 C from room temperature at 20 0C to 140 0C’.
Energy transferred = mass x sp. ht. cap. x temperature change
E = m x c x θ a)
E = x x (80 – 20)
E = x x
E = ,600 J = kJ

17. Specific heat capacity ‘c’
B grade: calculation:
Calculate the energy required to raise 2 kg of the substances below
a) Aluminium J/kg/ 0 C from room temperature at 20 0C to 80 0C’.
b) Copper J/kg/ 0 C from 0 0C to 100 0C
c) Oil J/kg/ 0 C from room temperature at 20 0C to 140 0C’.
Energy transferred = mass x sp. ht. cap. x temperature change
E = m x c x θ b)
E = x x (100 – 0)
E = x x
E = ,600 J = kJ

18. Specific heat capacity ‘c’
B grade: calculation:
Calculate the energy required to raise 2 kg of the substances below
a) Aluminium J/kg/ 0 C from room temperature at 20 0C to 80 0C’.
b) Copper J/kg/ 0 C from 0 0C to 100 0C
c) Oil J/kg/ 0 C from room temperature at 20 0C to 140 0C’.
Energy transferred = mass x sp. ht. cap. x temperature change
E = m x c x θ b)
E = x x (100 – 0)
E = x x
E = ,600 J = kJ

19. Specific heat capacity ‘c’
B grade: calculation:
Calculate the energy required to raise 2 kg of the substances below
a) Aluminium J/kg/ 0 C from room temperature at 20 0C to 80 0C’.
b) Copper J/kg/ 0 C from 0 0C to 100 0C
c) Oil J/kg/ 0 C from room temperature at 20 0C to 140 0C’.
Energy transferred = mass x sp. ht. cap. x temperature change
E = m x c x θ b)
E = x x (100 – 0)
E = x x
E = ,600 J = kJ

20. Specific heat capacity ‘c’
B grade: calculation:
Calculate the energy required to raise 2 kg of the substances below
a) Aluminium J/kg/ 0 C from room temperature at 20 0C to 80 0C’.
b) Copper J/kg/ 0 C from 0 0C to 100 0C
c) Oil J/kg/ 0 C from room temperature at 20 0C to 140 0C’.
Energy transferred = mass x sp. ht. cap. x temperature change
E = m x c x θ b)
E = x x (100 – 0)
E = x x
E = ,000 J = kJ

21. Specific heat capacity ‘c’
B grade: calculation:
Calculate the energy required to raise 2 kg of the substances below
a) Aluminium J/kg/ 0 C from room temperature at 20 0C to 80 0C’.
b) Copper J/kg/ 0 C from 0 0C to 100 0C
c) Oil J/kg/ 0 C from room temperature at 20 0C to 140 0C’.
Energy transferred = mass x sp. ht. cap. x temperature change
E = m x c x θ c)
E = x x (140 – 20)
E = x x
E = ,000 J = 288 kJ

22. Specific heat capacity ‘c’
B grade: calculation:
Calculate the energy required to raise 2 kg of the substances below
a) Aluminium J/kg/ 0 C from room temperature at 20 0C to 80 0C’.
b) Copper J/kg/ 0 C from 0 0C to 100 0C
c) Oil J/kg/ 0 C from room temperature at 20 0C to 140 0C’.
Energy transferred = mass x sp. ht. cap. x temperature change
E = m x c x θ c)
E = x x (140 – 20)
E = x x
E = ,000 J = 288 kJ

23. Specific heat capacity ‘c’
B grade: calculation:
Calculate the energy required to raise 2 kg of the substances below
a) Aluminium J/kg/ 0 C from room temperature at 20 0C to 80 0C’.
b) Copper J/kg/ 0 C from 0 0C to 100 0C
c) Oil J/kg/ 0 C from room temperature at 20 0C to 140 0C’.
Energy transferred = mass x sp. ht. cap. x temperature change
E = m x c x θ c)
E = x x (140 – 20)
E = x x
E = ,000 J = 288 kJ

24. Specific heat capacity ‘c’
B grade: calculation:
Calculate the energy required to raise 2 kg of the substances below
a) Aluminium J/kg/ 0 C from room temperature at 20 0C to 80 0C’.
b) Copper J/kg/ 0 C from 0 0C to 100 0C
c) Oil J/kg/ 0 C from room temperature at 20 0C to 140 0C’.
Energy transferred = mass x sp. ht. cap. x temperature change
E = m x c x θ c)
E = x x (140 – 20)
E = x x
E = ,000 J = 288 kJ

25. Specific heat capacity ‘c’
A grade: calculation:
Calculate the specific heat capacity of water if 21,000 J are required to raise 0.5Kg
from 200C to 300C.
Energy transferred = mass x sp. ht. cap. x temperature change
E = m x c x θ
21, = m x c x θ
21, = x c x (30-20)
21, = x c x
21, = c
21, = c 5
c = J/Kg/0C

26. Specific heat capacity ‘c’
A grade: calculation:
Calculate the specific heat capacity of water if 21,000 J are required to raise 0.5Kg
from 200C to 300C.
Energy transferred = mass x sp. ht. cap. x temperature change
E = m x c x θ
21, = m x c x θ
21, = x c x (30-20)
21, = x c x
21, = c
21, = c 5
c = J/Kg/0C

27. Specific heat capacity ‘c’
A grade: calculation:
Calculate the specific heat capacity of water if 21,000 J are required to raise 0.5Kg
from 200C to 300C.
Energy transferred = mass x sp. ht. cap. x temperature change
E = m x c x θ
21, = m x c x θ
21, = x c x (30-20)
21, = x c x
21, = c
21, = c 5
c = J/Kg/0C

28. Specific heat capacity ‘c’
A grade: calculation:
Calculate the specific heat capacity of water if 21,000 J are required to raise 0.5Kg
from 200C to 300C.
Energy transferred = mass x sp. ht. cap. x temperature change
E = m x c x θ
21, = m x c x θ
21, = x c x (30-20)
21, = x c x
21, = c
21, = c 5
c = J/Kg/0C

29. Specific heat capacity ‘c’
A grade: calculation:
Calculate the specific heat capacity of water if 21,000 J are required to raise 0.5Kg
from 200C to 300C.
Energy transferred = mass x sp. ht. cap. x temperature change
E = m x c x θ
21, = m x c x θ
21, = x c x (30-20)
21, = x c x
21, = c
21, = c 5
c = J/Kg/0C

30. Specific heat capacity ‘c’
A grade: calculation:
Calculate the specific heat capacity of water if 21,000 J are required to raise 0.5Kg
from 200C to 300C.
Energy transferred = mass x sp. ht. cap. x temperature change
E = m x c x θ
21, = m x c x θ
21, = x c x (30-20)
21, = x c x
21, = c
21, = c 5
c = J/Kg/0C

31. Calculate the energy required to raise 2 kg of the substances below
B grade: calculation:
Calculate the energy required to raise 2 kg of the substances below
a) Aluminium J/kg/ 0 C from room temperature at 20 0C to 80 0C’.
b) Copper J/kg/ 0 C from 0 0C to 100 0C
c) Oil J/kg/ 0 C from room temperature at 20 0C to 140 0C’. Q2
A grade: calculation:
Calculate the specific heat capacity of water if 21,000 J are required
to raise 0.5Kg from 200C to 300C.

32. Experiment to compare the
Time taken
……….. s
Time taken
……….. s
Experiment to compare the
energy needed to raise
the temperature by 5 oC
for 1kg aluminium
and 1kg water
36 W
heater
t1 = ….
t2 = ….
1kg
t1 = ….
t2 = ….
1kg
Energy = power x time
Conclusions:
Energy = power x time
E = x …. s
E = x …. s
E = …. Joules
E = …. Joules