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An E-mail Aleksandar,   Accounts have been created for any students in EECS 340 who did not already have one.  Physical access to the labs has.

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Presentation on theme: "An E-mail Aleksandar,   Accounts have been created for any students in EECS 340 who did not already have one.  Physical access to the labs has."— Presentation transcript:

1 An Aleksandar,   Accounts have been created for any students in EECS 340 who did not already have one.  Physical access to the labs has also been granted. If any of your students require either physical or electronic access, please have them contact with their NetID and student ID number.

2 What’s the Internet: “nuts and bolts” view
PC server wireless laptop cellular handheld millions of connected computing devices: hosts = end systems running network apps Home network Institutional network Mobile network Global ISP Regional ISP communication links fiber, copper, radio, satellite transmission rate = bandwidth wired links access points routers: forward packets (chunks of data) router

3 What’s the Internet: “nuts and bolts” view
protocols control sending, receiving of msgs e.g., TCP, IP, HTTP, Skype, Ethernet Internet: “network of networks” loosely hierarchical public Internet versus private intranet Internet standards RFC: Request for comments IETF: Internet Engineering Task Force Home network Institutional network Mobile network Global ISP Regional ISP

4 What’s the Internet: a service view
communication infrastructure enables distributed applications: Web, VoIP, , games, e-commerce, file sharing communication services provided to apps: reliable data delivery from source to destination “best effort” (unreliable) data delivery

5 Internet History : Early packet-switching principles 1961: Kleinrock - queueing theory shows effectiveness of packet- switching 1964: Baran - packet- switching in military nets 1967: ARPAnet conceived by Advanced Research Projects Agency 1969: first ARPAnet node operational 1972: ARPAnet public demonstration NCP (Network Control Protocol) first host-host protocol first program ARPAnet has 15 nodes

6 Internet History 1970: ALOHAnet satellite network in Hawaii
: Internetworking, new and proprietary nets 1970: ALOHAnet satellite network in Hawaii 1974: Cerf and Kahn - architecture for interconnecting networks 1976: Ethernet at Xerox PARC late70’s: proprietary architectures: DECnet, SNA, XNA late 70’s: switching fixed length packets (ATM precursor) 1979: ARPAnet has 200 nodes Cerf and Kahn’s internetworking principles: minimalism, autonomy - no internal changes required to interconnect networks best effort service model stateless routers decentralized control define today’s Internet architecture

7 Internet History 1983: deployment of TCP/IP
: new protocols, a proliferation of networks 1983: deployment of TCP/IP 1982: smtp protocol defined 1983: DNS defined for name-to-IP- address translation 1985: ftp protocol defined 1988: TCP congestion control new national networks: Csnet, BITnet, NSFnet, Minitel 100,000 hosts connected to confederation of networks

8 Internet History late 1990’s – 2000’s:
1990, 2000’s: commercialization, the Web, new apps early 1990’s: ARPAnet decommissioned 1991: NSF lifts restrictions on commercial use of NSFnet (decommissioned, 1995) early 1990s: Web HTML, HTTP: Berners-Lee 1994: Mosaic, later Netscape late 1990’s: commercialization of the Web late 1990’s – 2000’s: more killer apps: instant messaging, P2P file sharing network security to forefront est. 50 million host, million+ users backbone links running at Gbps

9 Internet History 2017: ~1 billion hosts voice, video over IP
P2P applications: BitTorrent (file sharing) Skype (VoIP), PPLive (video) more applications: YouTube, gaming, Twitter wireless, mobility

10 Overview Course administrative trivia Internet Architecture
Network Protocols Network Edge A taxonomy of communication networks

11 What’s a protocol? human protocols: “what’s the time?”
“I have a question” introductions … specific msgs sent … specific actions taken when msgs received, or other events network protocols: machines rather than humans all communication activity in Internet governed by protocols protocols define format, order of msgs sent and received among network entities, and actions taken on msg transmission, receipt

12 What’s a protocol? a human protocol and a computer network protocol:
Hi TCP connection req Hi TCP connection response Got the time? Get 2:00 <file> time

13 Overview Course administrative trivia Internet Architecture
Network Protocols Network Edge A taxonomy of communication networks

14 A closer look at network structure:
network edge: applications and hosts access networks, physical media: wired, wireless communication links network core: interconnected routers network of networks

15 The network edge: end systems (hosts): client/server model
run application programs e.g. Web, at “edge of network” peer-peer client/server client/server model client host requests, receives service from always-on server e.g. Web browser/server; client/server peer-peer model: minimal (or no) use of dedicated servers e.g. Skype, BitTorrent

16 Network Edge: Connection-oriented Service
Goal: data transfer between end systems handshaking: setup (prepare for) data transfer ahead of time Hello, hello back human protocol set up “state” in two communicating hosts TCP - Transmission Control Protocol Internet’s connection- oriented service TCP service [RFC 793] reliable, in-order byte- stream data transfer loss: acknowledgements and retransmissions flow control: sender won’t overwhelm receiver congestion control: senders “slow down sending rate” when network congested

17 Network Edge: Connectionless Service
Goal: data transfer between end systems same as before! UDP - User Datagram Protocol [RFC 768]: Internet’s connectionless service unreliable data transfer no flow control no congestion control App’s using TCP: HTTP (Web), FTP (file transfer), Telnet (remote login), SMTP ( ) App’s using UDP: streaming media, teleconferencing, DNS, Internet telephony

18 A Taxonomy of Communication Networks
The fundamental question: how is data transferred through net (including edge & core)? Communication networks can be classified based on how the nodes exchange information: Communication Networks Switched Communication Network Broadcast Communication Network Packet-Switched Communication Network Circuit-Switched Communication Network TDM FDM Datagram Network Virtual Circuit Network

19 Broadcast vs. Switched Communication Networks
Broadcast communication networks Information transmitted by any node is received by every other node in the network Examples: usually in LANs (Ethernet) Problem: coordinate the access of all nodes to the shared communication medium (Multiple Access Problem) Switched communication networks Information is transmitted to a sub-set of designated nodes Examples: WANs (Telephony Network, Internet) Problem: how to forward information to intended node(s) This is done by special nodes (e.g., routers, switches) running routing protocols

20 A Taxonomy of Communication Networks
The fundamental question: how is data transferred through net (including edge & core)? Communication networks can be classified based on how the nodes exchange information: Communication Networks Switched Communication Network Broadcast Communication Network Packet-Switched Communication Network Circuit-Switched Communication Network TDM FDM Datagram Network Virtual Circuit Network

21 Circuit-Switched Network
End-end resources reserved for “call” Link bandwidth, switch capacity Three phases circuit establishment data transfer circuit termination Dedicated resources + Guaranteed performance - no sharing

22 Circuit Switching Examples
Telephone networks ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Networks) network resources (e.g., bandwidth) divided into “pieces” Pieces allocated to calls Resource piece idle if not used by owning call (no sharing) Dividing link bandwidth into “pieces” frequency division time division Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is comprised of digital telephony and data-transport services offered by regional telephone carriers. ISDN involves the digitization of the telephone network, which permits voice, data, text, graphics, music, video, and other source material to be transmitted over existing telephone wires.

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