1. Middle Childhood: Cognitive Development
Part IV
Chapter Twelve
Middle Childhood: Cognitive Development
Building on Theory
Language
Teaching and Learning

2. Building on Theory Piaget and School-Age Children
A Hierarchy of Categories
Other Logical Concepts
The Significance of Piaget’s Findings
Vygotsky and School-Age Children
The Role of Instruction
International Contexts

3. Building on Theory Information Processing
Memory
Knowledge
Control Processes
THINKING CRITICALLY: Balls Rolling Down

4. Language Vocabulary Differences in Language Learning
Understanding Metaphors
Adjusting Vocabulary to the Context
Differences in Language Learning
Family Poverty
A CASE TO STUDY: Two Immigrants
Culture Clash: Question and Response

5. Teaching and Learning International Schooling Differences by Nation
Learning a Second Language
Religious Education
International Testing
Problems with International Benchmarks
Gender Differences in School Performance

6. Teaching and Learning In the United States National Standards
Reading Wars, Math Wars, and Cognitive Theory
Who Determines Educational Practice?