1. Technology and the Emerging Global Order Industrial Revolution
Objective: Examine the causes and effects of industrialization and cite its major costs and benefits.
Technology and the Emerging Global Order Industrial Revolution

2. Started in Great Britain
Factors
Food: increase in agricultural production
Population: pool of available labor
Money (capital) & entrepreneurs
Resources: water, coal, iron
Markets: domestic & empire

3. Started in Great Britain continued....
Textile production – from cottage industry to factories
Technological advances – flying shuttle & spinning jenny
Switch to water power
James Watt improved steam engine
Mill locations no longer tied to water
Production soared
Factories brought new labor systems – division of labor

4. Cottage Industry

5. Athenian Loom

6. Shuttles

7. Spinning Jenny

8. Water Powered Mill

9. Steam Engine

10. Spread of industrialization
Europe – Belgium, France, & the German states
United States – a large country with big needs
Eli Whitney
Cotton gin
Interchangeable parts

11. Eli Whitney

12. Cotton Gin, 1793

13. Industrialization of Europe, 1878

14. Social impact Growth of population & urbanization
Tenements – squalid apartment buildings
Pitiful living conditions in cities – prompted calls for reform
Entrepreneur – undertook risks to operate new ventures

15. Tenements

16. Urban Tenement

17. Urban Tenements

18. Social impact continued…1
Industrial middle class – the bourgeoisie prospered
Industrial working class – long hours & unsafe conditions; child labor
Luddites – English textile workers destroyed machines

24. Children had been an important part of the family economy in preindustrial times working in fields or at home. In the Industrial Revolution, however, child labor was exploited.

25. Luddites Destroying a Textile Machine

26. Social impact continued…2
Socialism – government owns factories & utilities
Karl Marx – German socialist; Communist Manifesto, 1848
Frederich Engels – collaborated with Marx
Robert Owen – Welsh Utopian Socialist; New Harmony

27. Karl Marx
Karl Marx

28. Robert Owen – Welsh Utopian Socialist 1771 – 1858

29. People were the product of their environment Opposed religion
Owen’s Three Pillars
People were the product of their environment
Opposed religion
Supported the cottage system

30. New Harmony, Indiana, 1826

31. Social impact continued…2
Rise of socialist political parties & labor unions
Collective bargaining – agreement between employer and union
Business cycles – prosperity & depression

32. Business Cycle

33. New products – steel, electricity, petroleum
2nd Industrial Revolution – material growth built on 1st Industrial Revolution
New products – steel, electricity, petroleum
Light bulb; telephone; radio
Streetcars, subways, internal combustion engines,
Automobiles; Henry Ford & mass production
Steamship & railroad made possible a true global economy

34. Carnegie Steel Homestead Works

35. Thomas Edison & Light Bulb

36. Alexander Graham Bell & 1st Telephone

37. Internal Combustion Engine
Model T, 1914