1. Integrated measures in agriculture to reduce ammonia emissions Contract No 070501/2005/422822/MAR/C1

2. Consortium Alterra, Wageningen University & Research, NL
16/06/2018
Alterra, Wageningen University & Research, NL
EuroCare, University of Bonn, Germany
Animal Sciences Group, Wageningen UR, NL
Subcontractors
UBA-W, Austria
CEH-Edinburgh, UK
MNP, NL
ECN, NL
IMUZ, Poland
NEIKER, Spain
The model is based on the model presented by JRC
Modifications: Fieldnames more consistant
Simplifications: no tables with statistics (e.g. Trends), all measurements in one table
We make use of 1 Unique code for each monitoring station
Country code- Nuts code- nat station ID:

3. Objectives
16/06/2018
….to define the most appropriate integrated and consistent actions to reduce environmental impacts from agriculture…
Tasks
Develop an integrated approach: MITERRA-EUROPE
Analysis of International and European Instruments
In depth assessment of the most promising measures
Impact assessment of a possible modification of the IPPC directive (Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control)
Stakeholder consultation, presentations, workshop
The model is based on the model presented by JRC
Modifications: Fieldnames more consistant
Simplifications: no tables with statistics (e.g. Trends), all measurements in one table
We make use of 1 Unique code for each monitoring station
Country code- Nuts code- nat station ID:

4. Task 1
Aim: to develop and apply a simple model (MITERRA-EUROPE) to assess
the impact of ammonia measures on nitrate leaching
Implementation NEC Directive, IPPC Directive, Gothenborg protocol
the impact of nitrate measures on ammonia emission
Partial and full implementation of Nitrate Directive
Implementation Water Frame Work Directive
including the effects on nitrous oxide, methane, and NOx

5. Agriculture and nitrogen: what goes in must come out
16/06/2018
Hole in the pipe

6. Overview of instruments analyzed in task 2
16/06/2018
Nitrates Directive / Water framework Directive
CLRTAP –protocols / NEC Directive/ IPCC Directive
Birds and Habitat Directives
CAP reform and cross compliance
UNFCC/IPCC/Kyoto-protocol
Rural Development
Animal Welfare
National instruments

7. Categorizing of policies & measures in task 2
16/06/2018
Abatement of emissions of N species
Risks of pollution swapping: antagonistic effects possible
Control of N input
Synergistic effects possible
Spatial zoning
Complex; both, antagonistic and synergistic effects possible

8. MITERRA-EUROPE
16/06/2018
Modelling tool to assess interactions between environmental policies in EU-25+:
Activity data: Eurostat and CAPRI
NH3, N2O and CH4 emissions: following RAINS/GAINS
Nitrate leaching; newly developed, using Corine land use and JRC soil data
Spatial scales
Country level
Nuts 2 level
Nitrate Vulnerable Zones

9. MITERRA-EUROPE
Calculates ammonia, nitrous oxide and methane emissions from housing, grazing, manure storage and soils
Calculates nitrogen leaching and surface runoff from manure storage and soils
Includes measures to mitigate ammonia and nitrate emissions
25 EU Member States, Romania, Bulgaria and Croatia

10. Assessing effects of policies and measures
Activity data:
Cropped area
Fertilizer input
Yield + nutrient content
Number of animals
Animal diet
Animal productivity
Partitioning of nutrient losses:
Atmosphere (NH3, NO, N2O, N2)
Groundwater
Surface waters
Storage in soil
Law of mass conservation:
Total input = total output

12. Leaching factors based on environmental data
N accumulation and mineralisation
Temperature, land-use, organic C content, nitrogen surplus
Surface-runoff
Slope, land-use, precipitation surplus, depth to rock, application rate manure and fertilizer
Leaching from rooting zone
Precipitations surplus, soil texture, land-use, rooting depth, temperature, soil organic C content, nitrogen surplus

13. Leaching fractions

14. Characterization of measures of Nitrates Directive
16/06/2018
Spatial zoning of Nitrate Vulnerable Zones
Abatement of NO3 leaching with specific measures
Control of N input via manure + fertilizer

15. Bufferzones: based on surface water maps
Poland

16. Measures to mitigate ammonia emissions (CLRTAP)
Low Nitrogen Fodder (dietary changes)
Stable Adaptation by improved design and floor construction
Covered Manure Storage
Biofiltration (air purification)
Low Ammonia Application of Manure
Substitution of urea with ammonium nitrate
Incineration of poultry manure

17. Measures to decrease nitrogen leaching (ND)
balanced N fertilizer application
maximum manure N application rate
no fertilizer and manure application in winter and wet periods
limitation to fertilizer application on steeply sloping grounds
manure storage with minimum risk on runoff and seepage
appropriate fertilizer and manure application techniques
growing winter crops
bufferstrips near water courses

18. Measures to ecological status of waters (WFD
Selection of measure from Nitrate Directive
Limits to phosphorus fertilization

19. Country specific approaches
On the basis of expert judgement, specific measures in Action Programmes are translated into MITERRA-input
Effectiveness of measures based on literature data + expert judgement

20. Average change on EU level (in %) at full implementation – (Preliminary)
! PRELIMINARY RESULTS !

21. NH3 emission

22. Effect of NO3 measures on NH3 emission

23. Effect of NH3 measures on NO3 leaching
White areas means no data yet

24. Conclusions
Miterra-Europe assesses interactions between EU environmental policies
N mitigation measures without limiting N input harbour the risk of pollution swapping
Ammonia abatement measures of CLRTAP seem to have larger effects on N leaching than (vice versa) measures of ND have on NH3 emissions.

25. 16/06/2018
Questions?
© Wageningen UR

26. NO3 leaching

27. Categorizing of policies & measures
16/06/2018
Abatement of emissions of N species
Risks of pollution swapping
Control of N input
Synergistic effects possible
Spatial zoning
Complex; both, antagonistic and synergistic effects possible

28. Categorizing measures of Nitrates Directive
16/06/2018
Spatial zoning of Nitrate vulnerable zones
Control of N input via animal manure (+ N fertilizer)
Abatement of emissions of NO3 leaching

29. Categorizing measures of CLRTAP / NEC / IPPC
16/06/2018
Abatement of emissions of NH3 (and other N species)
Control of N input via animal feed
Integrated approach and flexibility of IPPC may include spatial zoning