3. Containment
Goal was to keep Communism where it already was and stop it from spreading – “Contain communism”
It was the belief that if one nation fell to Communism then neighboring nations would follow, this is known as the Domino Theory

4. Superpower Goals in Europe
U.S.
Soviet Union
Encourage democracy and prevent spread of communism
Access to raw materials and markets for U.S. goods
Rebuild European governments
Reunite Germany
Increase security in Europe
Encourage the spread of communism
Rebuild war-ravaged economy with eastern Europe’s raw materials
Control Eastern Europe to protect Soviet Union’s borders
Keep Germany divided so it can’t wage war again

5. Truman Doctrine (March 1947)
Called for aid to be given to Greece and Turkey
State that the U.S. would give support to any country who was trying to resist Communism
Basically it allowed for troops to be sent but it also put the U.S. in a pledge to fight Communism world-wide

6. AKA European Recovery Plan
Marshall Plan (June 1947)
AKA European Recovery Plan
Would give aid to European nations to help rebuild their economies
The U.S. gave over $12 billion in aid
improve their economies and lessen the chance of communist revolutions

7. Marshall Plan

8. Marshall Plan

9. Spread of Communism Berlin Berlin Airlift
June 1948—USSR cut off all road and rail traffic to West Berlin
We had to keep West Berlin alive without provoking war with the Soviets

10. Soviet blockade: East Berlin West Berlin
East Germany
West Germany
· In June of 1948, the French, British and American zones were joined into the nation of West Germany after the Soviets refused to end their occupation of Germany.

11. What was the Berlin Airlift?
For 11 months, cargo planes supplied Berliners with food, medicine, and coal
Stalin finally lifted the blockade
Became a symbol of American dedication

14. Berlin Wall
Built in 1961 to restrict access between East Berlin and West Berlin
Reopened on November 9, 1989

17. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (1949)
Military alliance to counter Soviet expansion.
United States
Belgium
Britain
Canada
Denmark
France
Iceland
Italy
Luxemburg
Netherlands
Norway
Portugal
1952: Greece & Turkey
1955: West Germany
1983: Spain

18. Warsaw Pact (1955)
Soviet Union and satellite states rival alliance to NATO
East Germany
Hungary
Poland
Rumania
U. S. S. R.
Albania
Bulgaria
Czechoslovakia

19. 1949, THE YEAR OF SHOCK Mao Tse Tung Chang Kai Shek
Mao Tse Tung, defeats Chiang Kai Shek in the Chinese Civil War…..
China became a communistic country.
Chang Kai Shak is exiled to Taiwan.
Mao Tse Tung becomes the Communistic leader of China.
US believed there was a communistic plot to rule the world
Chang Kai Shek

20. KOREAN WAR 1950 to 1953, North Korea invades South Korea.
North Korea was a communist nation and South Korea was a democracy.
First war of “containment” policy to stop communism
“Police Action” not a declared war
President Truman leads United Nations.
General Douglas MacArthur commands US and UN troops.
Called “forgotten war”.

21. Pres. Eisenhower negotiated an end to war
KOREAN WAR
Stalemate by 1953.
Pres. Eisenhower negotiated an end to war
Divided at 38th parallel
Communism contained
Remains divided today

22. The Arms Race: A “Missile Gap?”
The Soviet Union exploded its first A-bomb in 1949.
Now there were two nuclear superpowers!

24. The Race for Space

25. Stayed in orbit 92 days, until Jan. 4, 1958
1957 Russians launch SPUTNIK I
Facts on Sputnik
Aluminum sphere, 23 inches in diameter weighing 184 pounds with four steel antennae emitting radio signals.
Launched Oct. 4, 1957
Stayed in orbit 92 days, until Jan. 4, 1958

26. Effects of Sputnik on United States
Atomic Anxieties:
“Duck-and-Cover Generation”
Atomic Testing:
Between July 16, 1945 and Sept. 23, 1992, the United States conducted 1,054 official nuclear tests, most of them at the Nevada Test Site.
Americans began building underground bomb shelters and cities had underground fallout shelters.

27. Cuba
Fidel Castro
Been in power in Cuba since 1959, when he overthrew dictator Batista
Transformed Cuba into the first Communist state in the Western Hemisphere

29. Bay of Pigs Invasion
Failed U.S. attempt at overthrowing Castro
Trained and armed Cuban exiles
Cuban Missile Crisis
October 14, 1962 U-2 Spy plane spots missiles in Cuba
JFK decides to blockade Cuba to keep more missiles from coming in

30. USSR stops shipping missiles but keeps building up what is already in Cuba
Compromise—USSR will take missiles out of Cuba
U.S. will remove its missiles from Turkey and promise never to invade Cuba or help anyone else do so