1. Bell Ringer
Who is Zheng He? Why is he significant?

2. Gunpowder Empires
Essential Questions: What similarities and differences existed between the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal empires?

3. Gunpowder Empire – an empire formed by outside conquerors who unified the regions that they conquered through their mastery of firearms

4. Conquered large area of land using gunpowder weapons and Janissaries
The Ottoman Empire
Founded in 1289 by Osman
Conquered large area of land using gunpowder weapons and Janissaries
Elite soldiers recruited from the local Christian population (Converted to Islam)
Loyal to the Sultan

5. Territorial Expansion
The Ottoman Empire
Territorial Expansion
Conquered Constantinople in Under Mehmed II (the conqueror)
Event influences Age of Exploration
Jerusalem, Mecca, and Medina -> New Caliphate established
Reached height during the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent

6. The Ottoman Empire Political Structure
Sultan – “holder of power” / military and political leader
Hereditary / Not always the oldest (what do you think the result of this will be?)
Harem – “sacred place” or home of the sultan
The queen mother, or sultan’s mother, held significant political power

7. The Ottoman Empire Ottoman = Sunni Muslim
Religiously tolerant -> Non-Muslims paid a tax or were allowed to convert to Islam

8. Safavid Empire
Located in Persia (Modern day Iraq and Iran)
Adherents of Shia Islam
Not as religiously tolerant -> Forced the conversion of conquered people
Continuously clashed with the Ottomans

9. Mughal Empire
Established a Sunni Muslim dynasty in India using gunpowder weapons

10. Mughal Empire
Akbar was the greatest Mughal ruler
He promoted religious tolerance between Hindus and Muslims
Why didn’t they initially get along?

11. Mughal Empire
Akbar was the greatest Mughal ruler
He promoted religious tolerance between Hindus and Muslims
Why didn’t they initially get along?

12. Aurangzeb (Akbar’s grandson) however was intolerant of Hindus
Mughal Empire
Aurangzeb (Akbar’s grandson) however was intolerant of Hindus
Destroyed/prohibited Hindu temples
Tried to eliminate Sati, cremating a widow on her husband’s funeral pyre

14. Mughal Empire
Shah Jahan built the Taj Mahal as a tomb for his dead wife.

15. Essential Question
What similarities and differences existed between the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal empires?

16. review
The only Gunpowder Empire of this time period to adhere to the Shia sect of Islam.

17. Review
The sack of this city by the Ottoman Empire in 1453 motivated Europeans to try and find alternate routes to Asia.

18. Review
Elite warriors of the Ottoman Empire that were drafted from the conquered Christian population.

19. Review
The cultural practice of women throwing themselves onto the funeral pyre of their dead husbands is called…

20. Review
This Mughal ruler is known for his religious tolerance of Hindu people in India.

21. Autopsy of Empire
Part One: Give me a clear picture of what this empire was like during healthier times, broken down into the following categories:
Head: Significant Leaders & Accomplishments
Hands: Art, Architecture & Tech. Advances
Legs: Labor Systems
Spine: Political Structure
Ribs: Societal Infrastructure
Heart: Religious Beliefs
Feet: Trade Routes / Goods Traded
Part Two: Autopsy
What led to decline?
What weakened it?
What led to their demise?