1. Sociology Now 1st Edition (Brief) Kimmel/Aronson15
c h a p t e r
Sociology of Environments: The Natural, Physical, and Human Worlds
Sociology Now
1st Edition (Brief)
Kimmel/Aronson
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2. The Human Environment Being Born demography
scientific study of human populations
oldest and most popular branch of sociology
Being Born
fertility
fecundity  fertility rate

3. The Human Environment

4. The Human Environment Dying mortality rate life expectancy
infant mortality rate

5. The Human Environment

6. The Human Environment Moving In, Moving Out emigrating  leaving
immigrating  arriving
Involuntary
Voluntary
Push
Pull

7. Population Growth Studying Immigration immigration and emigration rate
internal migration
average American moves 11 times during his or her life
city, county, state, region
“Rust Belt” to “Sun Belt”

8. Population Composition
Population Growth
Population Composition
population composition
comparisons by age and gender
ratio of men to women
population pyramid
“expansive”
“constrictive”
“stationary”

9. Population Growth

10. Population Growth How High Can It Go? natural population increase
Malthusian theory
starvation: more people than food
population geometric progression
food production  arithmetic progression
Marx unequal distribution of resources
Ehrlich  the Population Bomb
zero population growth

11. Population Growth

12. Demographic Transition
Population Growth
Demographic Transition
demographic transition theory
population and technology spur each other’s development
Initial stage
Transitional growth
Incipient decline stage
Decreasing the Rate of Flow
compromising personal freedom?

13. The City: Ancient to Modern
The Urban Environment
The City: Ancient to Modern
Çatalhöyük – oldest city
cities grew along major rivers
impact of Industrial Revolution
1900 – London most populous city
population density

14. The Urban Environment Suburbs The Countryside “detached” housing
“man’s home is his castle”
bedroom communities  edge cities
The Countryside
rural-urban continuum – 9 levels
rural “antipathy” to progress
many small towns and cities are being repopulated

15. Revitalizing Downtown
The Urban Environment
Revitalizing Downtown
gentrification
megalopolis

16. Sociology and the City Human Ecology Durkheim mechanical solidarity
organic solidarity
Human Ecology
human ecology
Urbanization
The Urban Village (Gans)
Cosmopolites
Yuppies
Ethnic villagers
The deprived
The trapped

17. Sociology and the City Global Urbanization Concentric Zones
Zone 1 – central city
Zone 2 – manufacturing/wholesale
Zone 3 – working-class residential
Zone 4 – middle/upper middle class residential
Zone 5 – commuter
Global Urbanization

18. The Natural Environment
ecosystems
social world as subcategory of the natural world (Spencer)
significance of the impact of social life in the natural world (Huntington)
1970s  Spaceship Earth
conservation
avoiding depletion of natural resources
avoiding “fouling our nest”

19. The Natural Environment
Energy
Vanishing Resources
Environmental Threats
Pollution
Garbage
Global Warming
The Sociology of Disaster
Environments in the 21st Century

20. The Natural Environment

21. The Natural Environment