1. The Civil War
Events of the Civil War

2. VII. Early Land Battles A. First Battle of Bull Run (First Manassas)
Hopes for a quick northern victory were dashed as the Confederates led by Gen. Joseph Johnston & Gen. Pierre Beauregard defeated General Irvin McDowell & the Union Army in August 1862.
Why two different names for the same battle?

3. VII. Early Land Battles B. Battle of Antietam (1862)
Union Gen. George B. McClellan defeated Gen. Robert E. Lee in the bloodiest single day of the war, but Lincoln dismissed McClellan for not pursuing Lee.

4. Lincoln’s Major Goal
“If I could save the Union without freeing any slaves I would do it; and if I could save it by freeing all the slaves I would do it; and if I could save it by freeing some and leaving others alone I would also do that.”
- President Abraham Lincoln
August 1862

5. IX. Emancipation Proclamation September 22, 1862
A. After the Union victory at Antietam, President Lincoln announced the Emancipation Proclamation as a propaganda tactic.
B. On January 1, 1863 the Proclamation freed the slaves of the rebel states as a war measure & an “act of justice”, but it only became official with the adoption of the 13th Amendment in 1865.

6. IX. Major Sea Battles A. Battle at Hampton Roads, Virginia
USS Monitor vs. CSS Virginia – the Northern Ironclad Monitor held off the former USS Merrimack, which ended Confederate attempts to break the Union blockade – March 1862.
B. Battle of New Orleans
Capt. David Farragut & Union Gunboats captured the city along the Mississippi, which split the confederacy in two – April 1862.

7. USS Monitor vs. CSS Virginia

8. X. Later Events (1863 – 1865) A. Battle of Gettysburg
Union Gen. George Meade defeated Gen. Robert E. Lee in the last major offensive in the North – July 1863.
This battle proved to be the turning point of the war in the Union’s favor.

9. X. Later Events (1863 – 1865) B. Gettysburg Address
In this historic address, President Lincoln dedicated the battlefield to all the soldiers that fought there.
Why did Lincoln dedicate the battlefield to all soldiers?

10. X. Later Events (1863 – 1865) C. Battle of Vicksburg, Mississippi
Gen. Ulysses S. Grant forced a Confederate surrender at Vicksburg giving the North complete control of river traffic in the Mississippi River – July 1863.

11. X. Later Events (1863 – 1865) D. Battle of Chattanooga, Tennessee
Tennessee was cleared of Confederates, which opened Sherman’s invasion of Georgia – November 1863.
Lincoln rewarded Grant by naming him General-In-Chief of the Union Army.

12. X. Later Events (1863 – 1865) E. Election of 1864
Lincoln is re-elected with a new running mate Andrew Johnson
F. Sherman’s March to the Sea
Gen. William T. Sherman burned Atlanta, then marched to Savannah using the scorched-earth policy.

13. Sherman’s Total War
"We are not only fighting hostile armies, but a hostile people, and must make old and young, rich and poor, feel the hard hand of war.“
- Gen. Sherman justifying his actions

14. Results of the War
Lee surrenders at Appomattox Courthouse in Virginia on April 9, 1865.
The Confederacy was defeated & the nation was reunited.
Slavery ended & one million lives were lost or wounded