1. Civil War Battles January 13, 2017
Describe the advantages and disadvantages of both the Union and the Confederacy at the outset of the Civil War.
Agenda:
Bell Ringer / Attendance
Review Causes of Civil War
Civil War Battles

4. Union (N): The Anaconda Plan
Used a naval blockade of the Confederate coastline to stop any military and commercial shipments to the Confederacy.
Blockade the coast of the South to prevent the export of cotton, tobacco, and other cash crops from the South and to keep them from importing much needed war supplies.
Divide the South by controlling the Mississippi River to cut the South off from the west.
Divide the South by capturing the Tennessee River Valley and marching through Georgia to the coast.
Capture Richmond, Virginia, the capital of the Confederate States of America.

5. Confederacy (S): The King Cotton Plan
Cotton exports would make an independent Confederate States of America economically prosperous
Would ruin the textile industry of New England
Would force Great Britain and France to support the Confederacy in the Civil War
Defend their territory
Wait out the North
Didn’t have full support. Would soon tire.

6. Quick Facts: Attack on Fort Sumter
Date: April 12, 1861
Location: Charleston, SC
Generals:
Union: Major Robert Anderson
Confederacy: P. G. T. Beauregard
Main Events:
S. Carolina Confederate troops attacked Union troops resupplying the federal fort.
Outcome:
Anderson’s troops surrender after 24+ hours
No causalities during the attack

7. Union Response: Lincoln Calls Out the Militia
President Lincoln asks states for militiamen to put down the uprising
In the upper South, state leaders refuse request
Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, Arkansas join Confederacy
Volunteers rush to enlist in both North and South
Confederate capital is moved to Richmond, Virginia in May 1861
Robert E. Lee becomes commanding general of Northern Virginia

8. North Carolina Secedes
NC refused to send troops that would be used to fight their neighbors
Were outraged that Lincoln used the army against the Confederate States of America (Ft. Sumter) which they did not believe he would do. 
On May 20, 1861 the General Assembly hosted a convention in Raleigh where they passed the secession ordinance.
North Carolina had now joined the other Southern states in a rebellion against the Union even though only months before the state had been overwhelmingly pro-Union.

9. Battle of Bull Run 7/21/1861 Generals Union- McDowell
Confederacy- Beauregard & Jackson
The inexperienced armies clashed along a river in VA
Both sides realize the war will be long and tough
Confederacy Wins

10. Battle of the Monitor and Merrimack
Most important naval battle of the American Civil War from the standpoint of the development of navies
March 8–9, 1862, in Hampton Roads, a roadstead in Virginia where the Elizabeth and Nansemond Rivers meet the James River just before it enters Chesapeake Bay.
The battle was a part of the effort of the Confederacy to break the Union blockade, which had cut off Virginia's largest cities, Norfolk and Richmond, from international trade.
Was the first meeting in combat of ironclad warships
Overall result was a draw, but the USS Monitor became a prototype of modern warship.

11. Shiloh April 6–7, 1862, in southwestern Tennessee
Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant (U) had moved via the Tennessee River
Generals Albert Sidney Johnston and P. G. T. Beauregard (C) launched a surprise attack on Union troops.
The Confederates achieved considerable success on the first day, but were ultimately defeated on the second day when Union reinforcements arrive.
20,000 causalities

12. Quick Facts: Battle of Shiloh
Date: April 6–7, 1862
Location: Southwestern Tennessee
Generals:
Union: Ulysses S. Grant
Confederacy: Albert Johnston and Beauregard
Main Events:
CSA forces launched a surprise attack on Grant.
Confederates achieved considerable success on the first day, but were ultimately defeated on the second day.
Outcome:
Union victory
20,000 casualities (huge number!)

13. Antietam 9/17/1862 McClellan (87,000) vs. Lee (45,000)
Lee trying to invade Maryland to loop around to Washington D.C.
Bloodiest day in American history
No winners but Lee retreats
McClellan doesn’t follow !?!

14. Bell Ringer
Work on battle chart

15. The Emancipation Proclamation
After the Battle of Antietam, President Lincoln decides it is the right time to issue the Emancipation Proclamation.
Though it freed only the slaves in the Southern states, it kept England and France out of the war.
This was now a war over slavery.

16. Lincoln Fires McClellan

17. More Generals, Same Problem
Gen McDowell fired
Gen McClellan fired
Gen Burnside fired
Gen Hooker fired
Gen Meade fired (sort of)
"Thus, often, I, who am not a specially brave man, have had to sustain the sinking courage of these professional fighters in critical times."

18. Quick Facts: Battle of Fredericksburg
Date: December 11-15, 1862
Location: Fredericksburg, Virginia
Generals:
Union: Ambrose E. Burnside
Confederacy: Robert E. Lee
Outcome:
Huge loss of life
Confederate victory

19. Quick Facts: Battle of Chancellorsville
Date: April 30 – May 6, 1863
Location: Spotsylvania County, Virginia
Generals:
Union: Joseph Hooker
Confederacy: Robert E. Lee, Stonewall Jackson
Outcome:
Confederate victory
Stonewall Jackson died

20. Gettysburg July 1-3, 1863 Lee invading the North again (Penn) Generals
Confederate-Lee
Union- Meade
46,000 casualties in total (!?!)
Lee forced to retreat
Considered turning point in war
Not followed by Union
(sigh) surprise, surprise

21. Gen Ulysses S. Grant Born Hiram Ulysses Grant
Temporarily removed from command
…likes the drink…the alcoholic ones…
But he fights
…And wins!!!
Lincoln has found his man to head the army

22. Ulysses S. Grant

23. Vicksburg Ends July 4, 1863 Union- Grant
The city was under siege for six weeks
Union wins and controls the Mississippi River

24. Atlanta 9/2 1864 Union – Sherman
Sherman takes Atlanta and burns it to the ground
It started Sherman’s “March to the Sea”

26. Bentonville 3/19-21/1865 Union-Sherman, Confederate- Joseph Johnston
Confederates tried to prevent Sherman’s forces from destroying the Wilmington-Weldon Railroad
Union wins