1. Muscular
System

2. Functions Movement-muscles can contract (shorten) and extend
Generate heat through movement
Muscular system moves food, blood and other fluids through their respective body systems

3. Structures of the muscular system
Muscles - Fascia
Structures of the muscular system
1. Muscle fibers- cells that make up muscles
2. Fascia-band of connective tissue that covers & supports the muscle.
3. Tendons- connective tissue that attach muscle to bone
ex: Achilles tendon- attached gastrocnemius to calcaneus.

4. Types of Muscle Tissue
1. Skeletal – attached to bones; voluntary & striated
2. Smooth-internal organd; involuntary, unstriated, visceral (pertaining to internal organs)
3. myocardial- muscle of heart; involuntary & striated

5. Movement of muscles
Movement of muscles made possible by two points of attachment: origin & insertion
Origin: located on a stationary bone; where muscle begins
Insertion: located on a moveable bone

6. Muscles – Origin or Insertion
Lift up your right forearm to flex your bicep brachii as if making a fist. Identify the origin and insertion attachment by agreeing with one of the following statements:
The radius is the origin and the scapula is the insertion.
---OR---
The scapula is the origin and the radius is the insertion.

8. Pathology-Abnormal Muscle Tone
Muscle tone = tonus
Hypertrophy: abnormal increase in muscle size
Atrophy: muscles shrink in size from disuse

9. Pathology-Abnormal Muscle Tone
Spasms: abnormal contractions
Rigor: abnormal muscle stiffness
Tetany: painfully long spasm

10. Muscular Dystrophy Genetic disorder
Progressive disease of muscle weakness and degeneration of skeletal muscles
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) most common; boys age 3-5; unable to walk by age 12; need a respirator to breathe later in life.

11. Myasthenia Gravis
Autoimmune disorder that affects neuromuscular junctions
Weakness of voluntary muscles

12. Treatments for Muscular disorders
RICE for 1st aid- Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation
Occupational or physical therapy
Medications
Antispasmoic to relax smooth muscles
Neuromuscular blocker-causes temporary paralysis (used with anesthesia)
Skeletal muscle relaxant-relieve stiffness, pain, and discomfort.

13. Vocabulary List-Unit 4 muscul/o, my/o, myos/o Fasci/o
Ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o
Ton
Kines
asthenia