Download presentation
Presentation is loading. Please wait.
1
Fruit and Nut Varieties
HORT Temperate Fruit and Nut Production
2
Fruit and Nut Cultivars
Cultivar Choice Pome Fruits Apples, pears, quince Nut Crops Almonds, walnuts, pistachios, filberts, pecans Stone Fruit Peach, nectarine, plum, apricot, cherries Small Fruit Grapes, blueberries, cranberries, strawberries HORT Temperate Fruit and Nut Production
3
How do you choose the right cultivar/variety?
Adaptation Climate Disease resistance Yield Tree characteristics Management ease Growth habit Pollination requirements Fruit qualities Ripening time Processing vs. fresh Local vs. distant markets Size Appearance - color, shape Internal qualities Flavor, texture Handling ease Storage HORT Temperate Fruit and Nut Production
4
HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production
Pome or Pip Fruits Apples Malus x domestica Cultivated species Pears European, Common, Occidental Pyrus communis Asian, Apple, Oriental Pyrus pyrifolia Hybrids communis x pyrifolia HORT Temperate Fruit and Nut Production
5
Apples are best adapted to COOL Climates
Cold hardy High chill Late blooming Higher humidity and disease problems Apple scab Powdery mildew Fire blight Cool climates Better red color Cooler nights, more elongate shape Less russeting Less fruit drop Better yields WA 2000 bu/ac NE bu/ac HORT Temperate Fruit and Nut Production
6
HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production
7
HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production
Red Delicious 40% production 250 strains Fresh and processed Stores well (6 mo.) HORT Temperate Fruit and Nut Production
8
HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production
9
HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production
10
HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production
11
HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production
Golden Delicious Fresh and processed Stores well (6 mo.) Very productive 15% of production Yellow w/ Red Delicious shape HORT Temperate Fruit and Nut Production
12
HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production
Other Apple Cultivars Other McIntosh types: Empire Idared Spur types McIntosh (5% in East) Earlier ripening (130 vs 150) Stores well (4-5 mo.) HORT Temperate Fruit and Nut Production
13
HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production
Other Apple Cultivars Granny Smith (7%) Green, tart 180 days to mature HORT Temperate Fruit and Nut Production
14
HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production
Other Apple Cultivars Rome Beauty (7%), Jonathon, Idared, Empire Gala, Fuji, Pink Lady ... Low chill varieties Fuji Rome Gala HORT Temperate Fruit and Nut Production
15
HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production
Commercial Apple Production 10% of world production % used for processing Northeast - 25% Around Great Lakes day season McIntosh, Red Delicious Central Atlantic - 10% In mountains 165 days but warmer Red/Golden Delicious, York West - 60% Best yields Cool, dry, no frosts Red/Golden Delicious HORT Temperate Fruit and Nut Production
16
World production of apples
41 million metric tons/yr (mid-1980s): USSR China US The leading apple-producing countries in Europe are: France Germany Italy HORT Temperate Fruit and Nut Production
17
Apple Production in Texas
Can they be grown? Yes but risky W and NW San Antonio NE Texas Challenges faced Too hot for good color development High humidity leads to disease Chilling problems in south: low chill types Calcareous soil and cotton root rot Competition HORT Temperate Fruit and Nut Production
18
Classes of Pears - Pyrus communis and pyrifolia
European or Common 95% USA, 80% world Persistent calyx, melting flesh Pyriform Asian or Oriental 80% China/Japan 20% world Crisp, juicy, and sweet Globose to pyriform Hybrid types Fireblight resistance Quality and Picking European pears Best if pick hard mature, cold stored, and ripened at RT Asian pears Best if picked ripe HORT Temperate Fruit and Nut Production
19
HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production
Adaptability of Pears P Compared to apple Less hardy Lower chilling European, 900 to 1000 Asian, 600 to 800 Earlier bloom More heat tolerant Tolerates poorer soil Fireblight major limitation in humid regions HORT Temperate Fruit and Nut Production
20
European Pear Cultivars 95% USA, 80% World production
Bartlett (Williams, 1770) 75% USA production 125 days to ripen Very productive Stores days Fresh and processed Parthenocarpic in Northern California Trends: red sports HORT Temperate Fruit and Nut Production
21
European Pear Cultivars: Winter Pears
Anjou 16% USA production 155 days to ripen Moderate production Stores 180 days Fresh use Bosc 4% USA production 160 days to ripen Stores 100 days Russetted fruit Fresh and canning Comice HORT Temperate Fruit and Nut Production
22
Asian Pear Cultivars 20% world production
*20th Century or Nijisseiki Round Yellow-green skin White flesh Ripens with Bartlett Store for 4 months Susceptible to fireblight HORT Temperate Fruit and Nut Production
23
HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production
Asian Pears HORT Temperate Fruit and Nut Production
24
Hybrid Pear Cultivars 2% of USA production
Adapted to Texas and other humid production areas Kieffer Hardy, MR to fireblight Productive Stores days Ripens 6 weeks after Bartlett Processing only HORT Temperate Fruit and Nut Production
25
Hybrid Pear Cultivars 2% of USA production
Other cultivars Maxine, Moonglow Ayers, Orient, Garber Flordahome (low chill) HORT Temperate Fruit and Nut Production
26
Quince (Cydonia oblonga)
HORT Temperate Fruit and Nut Production
27
HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production
Quince Originated in western Asia Still cultivated there as well as the Mediterranean area and southern Europe When cooked the juice and pulp have a pink color. The fruit size varies according to the variety, but averages are lb. HORT Temperate Fruit and Nut Production
28
HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production
Quince Reported to grow in all the 48 lower states, it grows into a small tree, usually less than 25 feet and can be trained to a spreading form. Self-fertile so only one variety is needed for fruiting. There are many named varieties. It is highly susceptible to fire blight and quince rust. HORT Temperate Fruit and Nut Production
29
HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production
Any Questions? HORT Temperate Fruit and Nut Production
Similar presentations
