1. AIM: What does the study of Human Geography involve?
DO NOW: LABEL EACH OF THE FOLLOWING AS EITHER VERNACULAR OR FORMAL REGION.
FORT GREENE
B) THE FAR EAST
C) 10028
D) THE PEOPLES’ REPUBLIC OF CHINA

2. Homework: Due 9/22
Read the introduction to chapter one, as well as “Key Issue 1: How do Geographers Address Where Things Are”.
Complete the outline for homework over the weekend. Be prepared to discuss the information in class on Monday.

3. Divisions of Geography
Physical Geography Human Geography
Rocks and Minerals Population
Landforms Settlements
Soils Economic Activities
Animals Transportation
Plants Recreational Activities
Water Religion
Atmosphere Political Systems
Rivers and Other Water Bodies Social Traditions
Environment Human Migration
Climate and Weather Agricultural Systems
Geography is a bridge between the natural and social sciences. Geography is a holistic or synthesizing science.

4. Our World

5. Introduction to Cultural Geography
Definition of Cultural Geography
History of the Discipline
Fundamental Concepts

6. What is CULTURE? What are its elements? How is it transferred?
Language
Religion
Food
Clothing
Art
Music
Rituals and Customs
How is it transferred?
Parents to Children
Schooling
Television, Films, Radio, and Internet

7. What is CULTURE?
Culture is learned behavior that is passed on by imitation, instruction, and example.
Culture is almost entirely relative. Proper behavior shifts from culture to culture.
U.S. current problems: 1) little shared culture; 2) no one is teaching culture.
Note: experiencing another culture is useful for gaining perspective on your own.

8. New Teaching Standards for History in Texas
Jacqueline Jones, chairwoman of the University of Texas' History Department, said one U.S. history high school book cheerleads for President Ronald Reagan and the significance of America's free enterprise system while glossing over Gov. George Wallace's attempt to block school integration in Alabama. She also pointed to a phrase stating that "the minimum wage remains one of the New Deal's most controversial legacies."

9. More Controversy
Kathleen Wellman, a history professor at Southern Methodist University, said many books give Moses — the biblical Hebrew leader who received the Ten Commandments from God — credit for influencing the U.S. Constitution, so much so that Texas students might believe "Moses was the first American."

10. Still More Taken from a new textbook
“In the words of Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. taxes are ‘what we pay for civilized society.’ Society does not appear to be much more civilized today than it was when Justice Holmes made that observation in However, ‘what we pay’ has certainly gone up.”

11. Geographic Importance of Culture
Geographers study culture because it leaves dramatic imprints on the earth, both physical and cultural.
Language: a crystal ball into culture.
Religion: strongest determinant of ethics.
Nationalism and Borders
Material Culture: tools, clothes, toys, etc.
Architecture: Suburban garages vs. earlier porches
Religion: affects societal choices; creates sacred space

12. The Cultural Landscape
The result of the natural environment and all of the changes to it as a result of a particular culture. In other words, it is cultures imprint on the land. (Carl Sauer)
Environmental Determinism: environment is primary determinant of culture.
Possibilism: humans are primary determinant of culture, within limits set by the environment.

13. Environmentally Determined?

14. What about Bali,
Indonesia?

15. Active Figure 1.2: A small-scale map of the world regions of this text.

16. Key Concepts: Space Parallels of Latitude Meridians of Longitude
Latitude and Longitude - a reference system designed to provide “absolute” location (as opposed to relative locations). A system used to designate space.
Parallels of Latitude
Meridians of Longitude

18. The Geographic Grid
Latitude - angular measurement of distance north or south of the Equator.
Range: degrees N or S
1o latitude = approx. 69 miles (25,000 mi. /360o).

19. The Geographic Grid
Longitude - the angular measurement of distance east or west of the Prime Meridian.
Maximum value reached at International Date Line o
Range: 0o - 180o E or W

20. Key Concepts: Tobler’s 1st Law of Geography
All things are related. However, all other things being equal, those things that are closest together are more related.
Related Concepts:
Distance Decay / Friction of Distance
Spatial Interaction
Movement
Gravity model

23. Key Concepts REGION – an area defined by shared characteristic
3 Types of Culture Regions
Formal - all members share a characteristic
Functional - defined by a node of activity and distance decay from center
Vernacular - perception of cultural identity

24. Overlapping Formal and Functional Regions

25. Vernacular Regions

26. AIM: How do we develop a “sense of place”?
Do Now: What makes a home?

27. Diffusion The spread of people, customs, phenomenon, objects, or ideas.
Four Types:
Relocation
Hierarchical
Contagious
Stimulus
Use these terms to explain the spread of:
Diseases
Popular Music
Democratic Revolutions
Religious Practices

28. Sense of Place
Every place is unique. Imagine where you lived as a child. Where is home?
Why and how do places take on meaning for human individuals?
Sensory
Architecture
Symbolic
Why is each place unique?
Key works: Place and Placelessness - Relph, 1978
Topophilia - Tuan, Yi-Fu

29. What kinds of cultural values are reflected in each of these American houses?
Gated community?

30. Timber House, Switzerland
Mosque in Istanbul, Turkey
Yurt on Mongolian Steppe
Suburban Home, Chicago

31. Human-Environment Interaction (Cultural Ecology)
Successful cultures are those that adapt well to their environments. (Chaco Canyon, North Africa, Fertile Crescent, Easter Island)
Chaco Canyon, New Mexico
Easter Island, Polynesia

32. Key Concepts: Core-Periphery “World Systems Theory”
U.S., Europe, Japan, Australia
Wealthy
Powerful
Controls Media and Finance
Technologically advanced
Periphery
Less Developed
Poor
Dependent upon Core countries for:
Education
Technology
Media
Military Equipment
Semi-Periphery- Exhibits some characteristics of core countries and have more power than those in the periphery. They are both exploiters and the exploited.

33. Key Concepts: Core-Periphery

34. Geography and Politics
Ties to Military
Role in Colonization
Role in Imperialism
Role in Cold War
Ethnocentrism
Masculinism
Foreign - 4) Situated in an abnormal or improper place. 5) Not natural: alien.
The American Heritage Dictionary

35. Globalization
The increasing interconnectedness of different parts of the world through common processes of economic, political, and cultural change. Economic globalization is happening fastest.
Panama, 1997