1. Ocean Circulation

2. Fig. 3.19

3. Ocean circulation
Primarily wind-driven
1. Major winds

4. ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION PATTERNS

5. Coriolis Effect
A. Cause

6. Changes in rotational speed of Earth as one approaches the poles

7. Coriolis Effect A. Cause B. Effect on ocean circulation
1. Northern hemisphere:
Clockwise
2. Southern hemisphere: counter-clockwise

8. Winds + Coriolis + position of landmasses
Ocean circulation
Total cause of currents and gyres=
Winds + Coriolis + position of landmasses

9. Fig. 3.19

10. Ekman transport
The net transport of nutrients carried by currents.
Caused by the difference between the winds and water movement.

11. Fig. 3.18

12. Ekman transport
Net movement

13. Fig

14. Upwelling
Can be : Coastal
Equatorial

15. Fig

16. Upwelling
1. Coastal upwelling

17. Fig

18. California coastal sea surface temp

19. Upwelling
1. Coastal upwelling
2. Equatorial upwelling

20. Equatorial upwelling - Fig. 14.33

21. Fig

22. El Niño

23. El Niño effects on upwelling

24. El Niño effects on upwelling

25. Worldwide effect of the 1997 El Niño - Fig. 14.35

26. El Niño
Caused by Southern Oscillation

27. Movement of high pressure system - the Southern Oscillation - Fig. 14

28. Impact of southern oscillation on regional winds (& consequently, ocean currents)

29. How the southern oscillaton causes El Niño.

30. Thermohaline circulation
Thermohaline circulation is distinct layers of water which result from differences in density.
Density differences are caused by differences in water temperature and salinity.

31. Fig. 3.33

32. Thermohaline circulation