1. Revolution & Nationalism
Chapter 30 (p. 864 – 893)

2. Russia on the Eve of Revolution
Czar Nicholas II
1894
Continued tradition of Russian autocracy
Industrialized Russia
Steel Industry
Trans-Siberian Railroad

3. Revolutionary Movement
Rapid industrialization brings new problems
Child labor, poor working conditions, low wages
Unions outlawed
Revolutionary movements compete for power

4. Marxist Revolutionaries
Believed industrial class of workers would overthrow the czar
Proletariat (workers) would rule

5. Marxist Revolutionaries
Split into two groups
Bolsheviks- more radical group
Led by Lenin

6. Paving the Way for Revolution
Russo-Japanese War
Bloody Sunday (1905)
World War I

7. Russo-Japanese War Fought over control of Korea & Manchuria
Russia loses
Leads to unrest and revolt

8. Bloody Sunday
January 22, 1905
200,000 workers & families protested at St. Petersburg
Soldiers fired into the crowd

9. Bloody Sunday Led to creation of the first Duma (parliament)
Dissolved quickly

10. World War I
Russia was unprepared for the economic & military costs

11. Revolution March 1917 Czar Nicholas II abdicates throne
Family executed
Duma established a provisional government

12. Soviets Local councils consisting of workers, peasants, & soldiers
Had more power than the provisional government in some places

13. Bolshevik Revolution November 1917- topples provisional government
Orders farmland to be distributed to peasants
Control of factories to workers

14. Bolshevik Revolution
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk- ending fighting with Germany
Taking Russia out of WWI
Civil War in Russia

15. Lenin Restores Order- Economics
New Economic Policy (NEP)- small-scale version of capitalism
Helps the country recover

16. Lenin Restores Order- Political Reforms
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)- in honor of the councils that helped launch the Bolshevik Revolution
Communist Party- Bolsheviks rename their party

17. Stalin Rose to power in the Communist Party Cold, hard, impersonal
Becomes dictator by 1929

18. Totalitarianism
Government that takes total, centralized control over every aspect of public and private life

19. Totalitarian Leaders
Appear to provide a sense of security & give a direction for the future
Widespread use of mass communication made it possible to reach into all aspects of citizens lives

20. Totalitarianism- Methods
Police Terror
Indoctrination
Propaganda & Censorship
Religious or Ethnic Persecution

21. Stalin Goal: To create a perfect communist state in Russia
Built a police state to maintain power

22. Great Purge
Campaign of terror directed at eliminating anyone who threatened Stalin’s power
Launched in 1937

23. Great Purge
Ended in 1938
Stalin in complete control of Soviet government & Communist Party
8-13 million deaths

24. Stalin’s Economic Plan
Command Economy- a system in which the government made all economic decisions

25. Five-Year Plans Stalin’s economic plans
Impossibly high quotas- steel, coal, oil, electricity

26. Five-Year Plans Government limited production of consumer goods
People faced severe shortages of housing, food, clothing, etc.

27. Collective Farming
Government started seizing over 25 million privately owned farms- Combined into collective farms

28. Agricultural Revolution
Peasant revolts million died

29. Daily Life Under Stalin
Women’s roles greatly expanded
People became better educated & mastered new skills

30. Daily Life Under Stalin
Personal freedoms limited
Consumer goods limited
Dissent prohibited

31. Imperial China Collapses
Qing Dynasty overthrown
Nationalist Party (Kumintang)
1912- New Republic of China
Ideals of revolution betrayed by successor- sparking local revolts

32. China’s Involvement in WWI
Chinese leaders believed Allies would return control of Chinese territories held by Germany
Treaty of Versailles gave those territories to Japan

33. May Fourth Movement Demonstrations spread into a national movement
Showed Chinese people’s commitment to the goal of establishing a strong, modern nation

34. Mao Zedong Founder of the Chinese Communist Party
Believed peasants could be true revlutionaries

35. Jiang Jieshi Leader of the Nationalists Promised democracy
Joined with Communists to fight warlords
Turned on Communists

36. Nationalist Republic of China
Formed in 1928
President: Jiang Jieshi
Formally recognized by US & British Governments
Soviet Union supported Communists

37. Chinese Civil War Communists vs Nationalists Japan invades
Forced a truce between Communists & Nationalists

38. Indian Nationalism 2 Groups:
Hindu Indian national Congress (Congress Party)
Muslim League
Both work toward goal of independence from British

39. WWI Increases Nationalism
British government promised reforms that would lead to self-government if India provided troops
Britain did not follow through
Protests & Riots

40. Gandhi Leader of Indian independence movement
Urged noncooperation & civil disobedience
Boycotts
Strikes
Demonstrations

41. Limited Self-Rule Government of India Act (1935)
Provided local self-government & limited democratic elections
Fueled tensions between Hindus & Muslims

42. Nationalism in Southwest Asia
Turkey- Nationalists won peace from Greek invasion & overthrew Ottomans to gain independence
Becomes a republic
Led by Mustafa Kemal (aka: Ataturk, “father of the Turks”)

43. Nationalism in Southwest Asia
Persia- Nationalist revolt against Britain resulted in new leadership
Modernization
Changed name from the Greek Persia to the traditional Iran

44. Nationalism in Southwest Asia
Unification of Arabia under Abd al-Aziz Ibn Saud
Saudi Arabia (1932)
Carried on Arab & Islamic traditions

45. Oil
Discovered in 1920s & 30s
Led to rapid & dramatic economic changes & development
Western nations tried to dominate the region