1. Organic Chemistry

2. Key Concepts and Vocabulary
What does organic mean?
What are the 4 major groups of macromolecules?
What do the 4 major macromolecules do?
What makes up the 4 major macromolecules?
Vocabulary:
Organic
Monomer
Polymer

3. Introduction
The most abundant elements in living cells are CARBON, HYDROGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, AND PHOSPHORUS.
What are the chemical formulas for these elements?
Any compound that contains CARBON is called an ORGANIC COMPOUND.

4. Macromolecules
Macromolecules - large organic molecules made of many joined polymers.
Four Major Groups of Macromolecules: 1. 2. 3. 4.

5. Building Macromolecules
Organic molecules can be very large ( atoms)
Most organic molecules are made of small subunits or blocks called monomers.
Monomers link together with covalent bonds to form long chains called polymers.

6. Polymer
Monomer
Monomer
Monomer

7. Building Organic Molecules
Dehydration synthesis - monomers are bonded together to form polymers and water is removed from the compounds.
Hydrolysis - a water molecule splits a polymer apart into individual monomers.

10. Carbohydrates
Function - energy source, energy storage, and a structural material
Always end in –ose

11. Examples of Carbohydrates
Monosaccharides – monomer of carbohydrates Ex. glucose, fructose
Disaccharides - made of two monosaccharides Ex. sucrose, lactose
Polysaccharides – large polymers made of many monosaccharides Ex. starch and cellulose
Starch is used for energy storage in plants
Cellulose functions as support in plants.

12. Lipids Function - energy storage and insulation
Don’t dissolve in water
Glycerol and Fatty acids - monomers of lipids

13. Examples of Lipids
Saturated fats - solid at room temperature Ex. butter
Unsaturated fats - liquid at room temperature Ex. oil
Phospholipids - function in cell membranes
Steroids - function as hormones

14. Proteins
Function - structural support, transport, hormones, movement (muscle), antibodies, and enzymes.
Amino acids - monomers of proteins.
Peptide bond - special bonds that hold amino acids together.
Polymers of amino acids are called polypeptides.

15. Examples of Proteins
Actin, myosin, and trypsin - contract muscles causing movement.
Hemoglobin and myoglobin - transport oxygen in the body.
Amylase, lipase, and lactase - break down substances in the body. (Enzymes)
Gamma globulin - functions in the immune system.
Insulin, glucagon, and growth hormone - chemical messengers in the body.
Collagen and keratin - structural materials in the body.

16. Nucleic Acids Function - carry genetic information
Nucleotides - monomers of nucleic acids.
Examples:
DNA – controls cell activity, carries genetic information
RNA – makes proteins