1. A review of atomic structure and how it relates to Biology…
Biological Chemistry
A review of atomic structure and how it relates to Biology…

2. Chemistry =
Study of the interaction of matter and energy

3. Classification of Matter
= basic unit and building block of ALL matter
Made of sub-atomic particles
Particle
Location
Charge
Mass

4. Classification of Matter
Atoms gain and lose when reacting with other substances.
Draw an atomic model. Note the nucleus and location of all three particles.

5. Classification of Matter
Element =
Symbol – 1 or 2 letters, unique for each element
Au Fe H Na
O He Ag Ca
Periodic Table – Chemists use it as a tool
Organizes the elements into Groups (columns) and Periods (rows)
Atomic Number = number of
Mass Number = number of and
Number of Electrions = number of in a neutral atom

6. Classification of Matter
Chemical Name:
Symbol:
Atomic #:
Mass #:
# of protons:
# of neutrons:
# of electrons:
Boron 5 B (7)

7. Classification of Matter
Draw a Boron atom
Electrons in the electron cloud have special places
1st Energy level holds first 2 electrons
2nd Energy level holds the next 8 electrons
3rd Energy level holds the next 8 electrons
Trickier after that – take Chemistry! 
To be a HAPPY chemical, all elements strive to complete the outer energy level

8. Classification of Matter
Using your periodic table and what you know about the atomic structure draw an atomic model for each of the following four elements. H O C N

9. Molecules, Bonding & Organic Compounds
Octet rule – most atoms combine with other atoms in such a way that their are complete
To be a HAPPY chemical, all elements strive to complete the outer energy leve.
_______= Force which holds atoms together

10. Molecules, Bonding & Organic Compounds
Covalent Bonds = atoms
CH4

11. Molecules, Bonding & Organic Compounds
Ionic Bonds = atoms either or their electrons
There is a transfer of electrons from one atom to another
Results in formation of charged atoms or
NaCl

12. Molecules, Bonding & Organic Compounds
Formulas (Molecular Formulas or Chemical Formulas) = group of chemical which represent the elements and number found in a molecule or compound O2
3H2O

13. Molecules, Bonding & Organic Compounds
Formula
List the different elements & # of each
Total # H2
CO2
NaCl
NaHCO3
2AgNO3
C6H12O6
4H2SO4
3Pb(NO3)2

14. Molecules, Bonding & Organic Compounds
Chemical Reactions = 2 or more substances react to form new compounds
Baking soda + Vinegar 
Chemical Equation example
12H2O + 6CO2
C6H12O6 + 6H20 + 6O2

15. Organic Chemistry – Carbon Compounds
Of all the elements, only about are common in living things.
Out of these , only 4 make up about 96% of the human body. These 4 elements are: ____ ____ ____ ___
These 4 elements can combine in many ways to form a variety of the organic compounds

16. Organic Chemistry – Carbon Compounds
is the key component of these compounds.
It is a special element because it has an atomic number of and a mass number of
it is one of the smaller elements (versatile)
It needs electrons to complete its outermost energy level
It covalently bonds to a variety of elements, but especially to H, O, and N
It is one of the most common elements found in nature, found in compounds that are in all three states of matter – solid, liquid, and a gas

17. Organic Chemistry – Carbon Compounds
Most carbon compounds are very large molecules formed by joining together smaller molecules
Smaller carbon molecules bonded together form One large carbon molecule
Example : Glucose string together to make STARCH

18. Biomolecules MACROMOLECULE – or Biomolecules
There are 4 major types of Macromolecules:

19. Carbohydrate & Lipid
Carbohydrate (sugars)
Lipid

20. Protein

21. Nucleic Acid

22. Use Chart Page and these References
Handout for you assigned biomolecule
Textbook (s):
ORCA – pages
Light Green textbook – pages 33-37
Back of room Computers
Model building encouraged – using model kits
GOAL: Share information with your buddy home group (number on card)