1. Chapter 12: Parts of Speech Verbs
Verb – expresses an action or a state of being (linking verbs)
Action Verbs - two kinds
Physical: Mental:
-jump -think
-shout -worry
-carry -believe
Physical – The boy was running in the hall.
Mental – The girl remembered the song.

2. Einstein became a famous scientist.
State of Being Verbs/Linking Verbs:
-be (am, are, is, was, were, been, being)
-became -remain
-look -taste
-seem -feel
-appear -grew
Einstein became a famous scientist.
Wild animals remain free in Africa.
The watermelon looks ripe.

3. Verb Phrase – consists of a main verb and one or more helping verbs
Helping verb Main verb Verb phrase
might have taken might have taken
may arrive may arrive
Note: NOT is never part of your verb phrase
1. We will be discussing this issue at a later date.
2. He would spend all his money at the arcade if his mom would let him.
3. The newspaper has not arrived.

4. Subject-Verb Agreement – the subject and the verb must agree in tense and number
*Tense – shows the time of action or state of being
Present – places the action or state of being in the present find, make, play
Past – places the action or condition in the past found, made, played
Future - places action or condition in the future
will find, will make, shall play
*Number – singular or plural
They write letters to each other.
The girl writes a letter to her mother

5. Transitive and Intransitive Verbs:
Transitive Verbs– expresses an action directed toward a person, place, thing, or idea *they have a direct object
Direct Object: the word that receives the action of a verb. To find the direct object, first find the verb. Then ask whom or what after it.
Maria bought six oranges.
Verb – bought
Bought what? – oranges
Therefore, the direct object – is oranges
The network cancelled the show.
Verb – cancelled
Cancelled what? – show
Therefore, the direct object – is show

6. Intransitive Verb – verbs that express an action or tell something about the subject without the action passing to a receiver *there is no direct object The difference: The teacher read a poem. (Transitive) The teacher read aloud. (Intransitive) Janet swam ten laps. (Transitive) Janet swam well. (Intransitive)

7. Parts of speech Noun- person, place, thing, or idea
Ex. Person: girl
Place: school
Thing: dog
Idea: happy
Prounoun- a word that takes the place of a noun
Ex.
I me us they we
he she them her him

8. Parts of speech cont.
Verb- A verb is a word that shows action or state of being. The action may be physical or mental.
State of being Ex. am are was
Action Ex. run think dream
Adverb- An adverb is a word that describes a verb. Adverbs often end in –ly.
Perfectly completely quickly

9. Parts of speech cont.
Adjective- An adjective is a word that describes a noun or a pronoun. Adjectives tell how many, what kind, or which one.
Ex. happy five strong this more green
Preposition- A preposition relates a noun or pronoun to another in the sentence.
Ex. about above beyond beside across
from with on in by

10. Parts of speech cont.
Conjunction- A conjunction is a word that joins words or groups of words.
FANBOYS (coordinating conjunctions)
for and nor but or yet so
Interjection- An interjection is a word that expresses emotion or strong feeling.
Ex. Uh oh whew! Wow Hey Oh no
Yuck yeah