1. Who controls the bureaucracy?
J.Q. Wilson- emphasizes professional training, also external interests that the bureaucracy regulates. Ideology…. where roles, procedures are not clearly defined.
CONGRESSIONAL DOMINANCE THEORY – Congress dominates the bureaucracy.
How: Budgetary power, Oversight hearings, must approve presidential appointments.

2. Presidents
Others argue that the president controls the bureaucracy – he appoints heads of bureaucratic agencies such as the EEOC, FTC (with confirmation by Senate).
President is only one person so when speaks, brueaucrats more likely to listen than they are to a Congress made up of many people.
Presidents reorganize bureaucracies, use executive orders to tell them what to do.

3. Functions of media Socialization Reporting the news
Interpreting the news
Influencing citizens’ opinions
Setting the political agenda
Gatekeeper function (channels the news flow that reaches the public)

4. How does media influence public opinion?
Agenda setting – telling citizens what to think about -studies by Iyengar and Kinder
Priming – affect standards people use to evaluate political figures or problems
Framing – what you emphasize or de-emphasize in a story

5. BIAS Partisan? Old days/today…
Ideological bias: liberal or conservative? Negativity bias and cynicism
Emphasis on conflict, who is winning and losing
Emphasis on the president and personalities v. policy