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Caribbean Intellectual Traditions
Caribbean Studies
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Pan Africanism: Objectives
African unity Black consciousness Black self esteem Black empowerment Social justice Economic liberation Liberation of Africa
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Impact of Pan Africanism
Political consciousness – Political ideologies; ills of capitalism; embracing socialism and communism. Back to Africa movement Civil Rights movement in American and African Diaspora: Impact of Martin Luther King; Malcolm X and Marcus Garvey. Quest for social mobility through education
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Impact of Pan Africanism cont’
Movement towards independence – anti-colonialist fervor Movement towards African unity – Marcus Garvey’s UNIA Black expressions: Religion (Rastafarianism); music (Reggae and calypso).
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Negritude: objectives
Recover black pride Recover black dignity from white intellectual assaults – white philosophers, theologians had stigmatised Africana and blacks: Belief that Africans were uneducated, barbaric, violent, uncivilized and ‘good for nothing’.
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Impact of Negritude Restoration of black pride and dignity through poetry, literature and entertainment, e.g. movies Black consciousness
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Marxist theory: Objectives
Social Justice Egalitarianism Anti-capitalist/ imperialist Nationalism Centralized authority Revolution to overthrow the ruling class by the masses Ultimate objective was worker paradise
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Impact of Marxist theory on the Caribbean
Move to create welfare states: Cuba, Jamaica, Guyana, and Grenada Focus on provision of free social services such as health and education Class struggle Political and ideological consciousness Impact of the cold war and resistance to neo-colonialism of USA, IMF and WB Political tribalism
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Caribbean personalities and Marxism
Manley – Jamaica CLR James – T & T Fidel Castro – Cuba Forbes Burnham – Guyana Maurice Bishop – Grenada Trevor Monroe – Jamaica Sir Walter Rodney ( How Europe Underdeveloped Africa) - Guyana
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Feminism: Objectives Advocate the recognition of the rights of women
Treat women with dignity and respect Gender equality
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Feminism : Impact Awareness of rights
Women empowerment through education Gender equity Legislation to protect women: Rape laws, property rights
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