1. Simple Compound and Complex sentences
Easy
Effortless
English
R.N.Raja Ravi Shankar

2. Sentence Structure Types
Simple
Compound
Complex
Compound-Complex
R.N.Raja Ravi Shankar

3. Basic Elements
SUBJECT
PREDICATE
Mary
plays tennis.

4. Basic Elements
SUBJECT
PREDICATE
Mary
plays tennis.

5. Simple sentences
Are made of one independent clause and therefore form a complete thought.
R.N.Raja Ravi Shankar

6. R.N.Raja Ravi Shankar

7. Simple Sentence We went to San Juan . Pronoun Verb
Prepositional phrase
We went to San Juan .
Simple subject
Complete predicate

8. Compound Sentence
R.N.Raja Ravi Shankar

9. Compound Sentence We went to San Juan,
Subject
Verb
Prepositional phrase
We went to San Juan,
Predicate
Coordinating
Conjunction
and most of us danced all night .
Subject
Modifying phrase
Verb

10. Compound Sentences
Are made of two independent clauses joined in one of the following ways:
A coordinating conjunction with a comma
a semicolon with a conjunctive adverb
a semicolon only
R.N.Raja Ravi Shankar

11. Compound Sentence with a Coordinating Conjunction
Example with a Coordinating Conjunction
I like to dance, but Jim likes to sing.
Independent
Clause
Independent
Clause
Coordinating
Conjunction
R.N.Raja Ravi Shankar

12. Compound Sentence with a Conjunctive Adverb and Semicolon
Conjunctive adverbs are sometimes called “floating” adverbs because they can be positioned at the beginning, in the middle, or at the end of a clause.
Some common conjunctive adverbs:
Moreover
However
Otherwise
Therefore
R.N.Raja Ravi Shankar

13. “Floating” Conjunctive Adverb
Bob is handsome; moreover, he is rich.
Bob is handsome; he is, moreover, rich.
Bob is handsome; he is rich, moreover.
R.N.Raja Ravi Shankar

14. Compound Sentence with a Semicolon
“If the relation between the ideas expressed in the main clauses is very close and obvious without a conjunction, you can separate the clauses with a semicolon.”
(Little, Brown Handbook, 9th Edition, p. 361)
Example: Tom has benefited from exercising; he is slim and energetic.
R.N.Raja Ravi Shankar

15. Complex Sentence
R.N.Raja Ravi Shankar

16. Complex Sentence Since we wanted to have fun,
Subordinating
Conjunction
Part that cannot stand alone
Subject
Predicate
we went to San Juan yesterday.

17. Complex Sentence
contain one independent and one subordinate (dependent) clause
the subordinate clause begins with a subordinate conjunction
the clauses can appear in any order
R.N.Raja Ravi Shankar

18. Complex Sentence After the sun set, we built a campfire.
We built a campfire after the sun set.
*Note the comma when the dependent clause comes at the beginning of a sentence.
Dependent
Clause
Independent
Clause
Independent
Clause
Dependent
Clause
R.N.Raja Ravi Shankar

19. Compound-Complex Sentence
R.N.Raja Ravi Shankar

20. Compound-Complex Sentence
contains one subordinate (dependent) clause
two or more independent clauses
Example: Since we wanted to have fun, my boyfriend and I went to San Juan yesterday, and we danced all night.
R.N.Raja Ravi Shankar

21. The skier turned and jumped.
Indicate if the following sentences are:
Simple, compound, complex or compound-complex.
The bell rang.
Bridget ran the first part of the race, and Tara biked the second part.
He stands at the bottom of the cliff while the climber moves up the rock.
The skier turned and jumped.
Naoki passed the test because he studied hard and he understood the material.
R.N.Raja Ravi Shankar

22. Answers
Simple
Compound
Complex
Compound-complex
R.N.Raja Ravi Shankar

23. You and I need piano lessons.
Indicate if the following sentences are:
Simple, compound, complex or compound-complex.
Because Kayla has so much climbing experience , we asked her to lead our group.
You and I need piano lessons.
I planned to go to the hockey game, but I couldn’t get tickets.
Dorothy likes white water rafting, but she also enjoys kayaking.
There are many problems to solve before this program can be used, but engineers believe that they will be able to solve them soon.
R.N.Raja Ravi Shankar

24. Answers
Complex
Simple
Compound
Compound-complex
R.N.Raja Ravi Shankar

25. Answers
Convert the following simple sentences into compound sentences:
1.    Being guilty he went into hiding. 2.    Being innocent, he never thought of running away. 3.    Besides being sent to prison, he was heavily fined. 4.    The old man sat in a corner, drinking. 5.    Owing to a friend’s intervention, he was later released from jail. 6.    Being lazy, he failed. 7.    He fled for fear of being arrested.
R.N.Raja Ravi Shankar

26. Answers
1.    He was guilty and went into hiding. 2.    He was innocent and never thought of running away. 3.    He was not only sent to prison but also heavily fined. 4.    The old man sat in a corner and drank. 5.    A friend intervened and he was later released from jail. 6.    He was lazy and failed. 7.    He feared that he would be arrested and fled.
R.N.Raja Ravi Shankar