1. QOTD
Against which of the following individuals would Georgians have been MOST bitter or angry following the Civil War?
a) William T. Sherman.
b) Robert E. Lee.
c) Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson.
d) Andrew Johnson.

2. QOTD
Against which of the following individuals would Georgians have been MOST bitter or angry following the Civil War?
a) William T. Sherman.

3. Today’s Standard SSUSH 9
Describe President Lincoln’s efforts to preserve the Union as seen in his second inaugural address

4. The Aftermath of the Civil War 1865
Reconstruction
The Aftermath of the Civil War
1865

5. The Devastation of the South
War had destroyed much of the nation; especially the South
2/3 of the South’s shipping industry was destroyed
9,000 miles of RR
Livestock, bridges, canals, farmland
Southern property value plummets 70%
1) Reconstruction
The US government’s plan to restore the country

6. Casualties of War The North lost 364,000 soldiers
The South lost 260,000
38,000 Northern African Americans died
2) 600,000 Americans

7. Abraham Lincoln & the South
March 1865
3) Lincoln gives his 2nd Inaugural Address after being re-elected in 1864
He’s not triumphant, but sad for the South
He wants to bring them in peacefully and without harsh treatment
He is also setting the stage for induction of African-Americans as citizens of the United States

8. Abraham Lincoln’s Reconstruction Plan
4) The Ten-Percent Plan
Offered a pardon, to any Confederate who would take an oath of allegiance to the Union
Southern states could create new Constitutions after 10% of voters swore allegiance to the Union.
States could hold elections then resume in being part of the Union
This was a lenient plan

9. The Radical Republicans
5) The Radical Republicans in Congress opposed Lincoln’s plan
They felt it was too lenient on the South and they wanted to be stricter
Their plan was the Wade-Davis Bill
Stricter than Lincoln
Lincoln pocket vetoed the Wade-Davis Bill
Lincoln is assassinated on April 14th, 1865

10. Lincoln Assassinated April 14th, 1865
Lincoln and his wife go to see a play at Ford’s Theatre in Washington, D.C.
6) John Wilkes Booth, a Confederate sympathizer
Sneaks into box where the president is sitting and shoots him in the back of the head
Lincoln dies the next morning
Andrew Johnson, Lincoln’s VP is now president

11. President Andrew Johnson
Andrew Johnson (D)
17th President
Former slave-owner from Tennessee; Lincoln’s vice president
Takes office after Lincoln’s death in April 1865
Radical Republicans hoped he would be strict but no…
1) Presidential Reconstruction
Also lenient on the South

12. Johnson’s Reconstruction Plan
A) Pardoned all southerners who swore allegiance to the Union
B) States could write constitutions W/O Lincoln’s 10 percent allegiance requirement
C) States had to abolish secession, slavery, and cancel Confederate debt
States could then hold elections then join the Union.

13. Johnson vs. Radical Republicans Round 1
Johnson was an intelligent man
But, he was a Democratic president up against a Republican Congress
2) The Radicals passed the Civil Rights Act of 1866
The South is put under martial law to ensure they give equal rights to African Americans
Johnson tries to veto it but it eventually is overridden and is put into force

14. Newfound Freedom
1) 4 million former slaves were freed in the South after the war
4 basic freedoms
They could travel wherever they wanted to in the US
Redistributed southern lands were given to them
Freedom to Worship – numerous churches were formed
30 African American colleges were founded between 1865 and 1870

15. The Freedmen’s Bureau 2) Freedmen’s Bureau Act
Set up in March 1865, months before Lincoln’s death
First major federal relief agency in US History
Provided clothing, medical supplies, and food
Education – 250,000 African-Americans got their first formal education

16. Problems Under Johnson’s Plan
Presidential Reconstruction
Johnson’s Plan
Very lenient on the South
Southern leaders take advantage and continue to limit African Americans in the South
African-Americans are still limited in the South
3) Jim Crow Laws
“Black Codes”
Enforced in the South

17. The 14th Amendment
Congress under the Radical Republicans want equal rights for African Americans
June 1866
4) The 14th Amendment
Extends American citizenship regardless of race, color, or creed.

18. Johnson vs. The Radicals Round 2
1868 – Johnson and the Radical Republicans get into it again…
Johnson tries to fire Edwin Stanton as Secretary of War
Stanton was a friend of the Radicals – it was the perfect opportunity for them to oust Johnson as President
2) Radicals say it is a violation of the Tenure of Office Act
They voted to impeach Johnson
Johnson remains in office by one vote

19. The Election of 1868
Johnson serves the remainder of his term quietly but with 0 popularity
3) The Election of 1868
Radical Republicans nominate Ulysses S. Grant
The former victorious Union general from the Civil War
Grant wins
18th President

20. The 15th Amendment February of 1869 4) 15th Amendment is passed
Citizens can vote regardless of race, color, or creed
1870 – African Americans begin voting in legislative elections